STANFORD  JUNIOR  UNIVERSITY  PUBLICATIONS 
UNIVERSITY  SERIES 


A  CONTRIBUTION  TO  THE 


KNOWLEDGE  OF  THE  COCCIDAE 

"v  OF 


SOUTHWESTERN  UNITED  STATES 


6Y 

GORDON  FLOYD  FERRIS 

Instructor  in  Entomology 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY,  CALIFORNIA 

PUBLISHED  BY  THE  UNIVERSITY 

1919 


LELAND  STANFORD  JUNIOR  UNIVERSITY  PUBLICATIONS 
UNIVERSITY  SERIES 


A  CONTRIBUTION  TO  THE 
KNOWLEDGE  OF  THE  COCCIDAE 

OF 

SOUTHWESTERN  UNITED  STATES 


BY 

GORDON  FLOYD  FERRIS 

Instructor  in  Entomology 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY,  CALIFORNIA 

PUBLISHED  BY  THE  UNIVERSITY 

1919 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY 
PRESS 


CONTENTS 

PAGE 

Introduction       .         .         .         .         .         .         .         ...         .        6 

Systematic  treatment .'.-•.        7 

Genus  Paleococcus .  7 

Paleococcus  morrilli  Ckll.  .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         8 

Paleococcus  plucheae  Ckll.  (?).         .        ...        ...       10 

Paleococcus  townsendi  Ckll.  (?)  .  .  .  .  .  .  10 

Genus  Icerya  .  . .  .  .11 

Icerya  rileyi  Ckll 12 

Genus  Stomacoccus  .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .13 

Stomacoccus  platani  Ferris  .  .  .  .  .  .  .13 

Genus  Xylococcus     .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .13 

Xylococcus  macrocarpae  Coleman  .  .  .  .  .  .13 

Genus  Orthezia          .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .13 

Orthezia  nuda  n.  sp.  .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .13 

Orthezia  graminis  Tinsley  .  .  .  .  .  .  .14 

Orthezia  annae  Ckll.  .  .  .  ' 14 

Orthezia  sp.  ..........  14 

Genus  Lecaniodiaspis         .........       14 

Lecaniodiaspis  rufescens  (Ckll.)   (?)         .         .         .         .         .14 

Lecaniodiaspis  sp.  .  . 15 

Genus  Olliffiella 15 

Olliffiella  cristicola  Ckll 15 

Genus  Eriococcus  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .17 

Eriococcus  bahiae  Ehrh 18 

Eriococcus  gillettei  Tinsley        .......       18 

Eriococcus  tinsleyi  Ckll.  ........  18 

Genus  Fonscolombia 18 

Fonscolombia  yuccae  n.  sp.  .  .  .  .  .  18 

Genus  Dactylopius  ..........  19 

Dactylopius  confusus  (Ckll.) 20 

Dactylopius  indicus  (Green) 20 

Dactylopius  tomentosus  (Lam.)  ......  20 

Genus  Puto 20 

Puto  yuccae  (Coq.)  .........  20 

Genus  Phenacoccus 20 

Phenacoccus  betheli  Ckll 20 

Phenacoccus  helianthi  (Ckll.) 22 


4  CONTENTS 

PAGE 

Genus  Heterococcus  .  .22 

Heterococcus  arenae  Ferris  .  .  .  .  .  .  .22 

Genus  Lachnodius  .  .  ,  . 23 

Lachnodius  salicis  n.  sp.  .  V  "  •  .'v  .  .  '  .  .  .  23 

Genus  Pseudococcus .  .  24 

Pseudococcus  ephedrae  (Coq.)  .         .         .         .         ...       24 

Pseudococcus  gutierreziae  (Ckll.)      .         .         .         .         .         .       26 

Pseudococcus  irishi  (Ckll.)        .        •'      " :        .        .      '.         .       27 
Pseudococcus  juniperi  Ehrh       .        :        .        .        .        .        .      28 

Pseudococcus  prosopidis  (Ckll.)        .        .        .        .  '      .        .       29 

Pseudococcus  lycii  n.  sp.    .         .         i     '    .         .         ...       30 

Pseudococcus  steelii  (Ckll.) .  31 

Genus  Erium     ...........      31 

Erium  lichtensioides  (Ckll.)  .  .  .  .  .  .  .31 

Genus  Ripersia  .  .  .  .  31 

Ripersia  hilariae  n.  sp.  .         .         .         .         .         .         .32 

Ripersia  sporoboli  Ckll.  (?)  ....  .  .  .  33 

Genus  Cryptoripersia         .........       33 

Cryptoripersia  arizonensis  (Ehrh.)  .  .  .  .  .  .34 

Genus  Aclerda  ...........       34 

Aclerda  ariditatis  n.  sp.  .  .  .  .  .  .  .34 

Genus  Pulvinaria      ..........       36 

Pulvinaria  bigeloviae  Ckll 36 

Genus  Lichtensia       ..........       38 

Lichtensia  lycii  Ckll 38 

Genus  Philephedra 39 

Philephedra  ephedrae  Ckll 39 

Genus  Ceroplastes 41 

Ceroplastes  irregularis  Ckll 41 

Genus  Ceroplastodes 43 

Ceroplastodes  acaciae  Ckll.  .......  43 

Genus  Toumeyella    ..........      44 

Toumeyella  mirabilis  Ckll.  .......  44 

Genus  Protodiaspis    ..........       46 

Protodiaspis  tridentata  n.  sp.  .         .         .         '.         .         .46 

Protodiaspis  edentata  n.  sp 48 

Genus  Diaspis 49 

"Diaspis"  arizonica  Ckll 49 

Diaspis  montana  Ckll.         ........       50 

Diaspis  toumeyi  Ckll.  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .51 


CONTENTS  5 

PAGE 

Genus  Pseudodiaspis          .........       52 

Pseudodiaspis  atriplicis  n.  sp.     .         .         .         .         .         .         .53 

Pseudodiaspis  condaliae  n.  sp.  .         .         .         .         .         .         .54 

Pseudodiaspis  parkinsoniae  (Ckll.)  .  ,  .  .  .  .  56 

Genus  Xerophilaspis          .........       57 

Xerophilaspis  prosopidis  Ckll.  .......  58 

Genus  Leucaspis        .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .       59 

"Leucaspis"  cupressi  Coleman  .......  59 

Genus  Lepidosaphes  .  , 60 

Lepidosaphes  concolor  (Ckll.)  .  .  .  ,  ,  .  .  60 
Lepidosaphes  ceanothi  n.  sp.  .  .  .  .  .  .62 

Genus  Aspidiotus      ..........      63 

Aspidiotus  candidulus  Ckll.        .......       63 

Aspidiotus  covilleae  n.  sp.  .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .64 

Aspidiotus  graminellus  Ckll.  (?)  .  .  .  .  .  .65 

Genus  Chrysomphalus       .........      66 

Chrysomphalus  covilleae  n.  sp 66 

Supplement 68 

Phenacoccus  betheli  Ckll 68 

Trionymus  grindeliae  Ferris       .......       68 

Aspidiotus  graminellus  Ckll.       .......       68 

Targionia  covilleae  (Ferris)  .......  68 


INTRODUCTION 

The  material  upon  which  this  paper  is  based  was  for  the  most  part 
obtained  by  the  author  in  the  course  of  an  extended  tour  through  the 
arid,  southwestern  portion  of  the  United  States.  This  tour  was  under- 
taken for  the  purpose  of  investigating  the  distribution  and  abundance  of 
a  lac-producing  scale  insect,  Tachardia  larreae  (Comstock),  and  the  facts 
concerning  this  particular  species  will  be  presented  in  another  paper. 
In  addition  to  the  species  thus  obtained  a  few  others  coming  from  other 
sources  but  either  occurring  in  this  area  or  having  some  direct  connec- 
tion with  species  occurring  there  are  included.  For  most  of  the  material 
of  this  class  acknowledgments  are  due  to  Professor  Cockerell. 

The  author  has  elsewhere  expressed  the  belief  that  more  may  now 
be  accomplished  in  the  study  of  the  Coccidae  by  the  redescription  of 
many  of  the  named  forms  than  by  the  naming  of  new  species.  This 
paper,  therefore,  is  presented  not  only  for  the  purpose  of  recording  new 
forms  but  even  more  with  the  hope  of  elucidating  as  many  as  possible  of 
species  already  named.  From  the  author's  viewpoint  the  new  species, 
considered  merely  as  such,  are  but  an  interesting  by-product  of  the 
study. 

The  types  of  all  the  new  species  herein  described  are  deposited  in 
the  collection  of  Coccidae  of  the  Department  of  Entomology  of  Stanford 
University.  In  all  cases  a  holotype  has  been  designated. 

In  the  arrangement  of  the  genera  the  Fernald  Catalogue  of  the  Coc- 
cidae has  in  general  been  followed,  except  in  cases  where  that  arrange- 
ment is  obviously  artificial.  In  the  case  of  species  listed  in  this  catalogue 
and  its  various  supplements  no  references  are  giveri  unless  a  change  in 
name  is  here  made. 


SYSTEMATIC  TREATMENT 

Genus  PALEOCOCCUS  Ckll. 
Fig.  1. 

Monophleboid  Coccidae  of  the  general  type  of  the  genus  Icerya; 
adult  female  possessing  a  marsupium  in  which  the  eggs  are  deposited 
and  in  which  they  remain  until  hatching,  this  marsupium  formed  by  the 
invagination  of  a  portion  of  the  venter  of  the  abdomen  (Fig.  1A)  and 
communicating  with  the  exterior  by  a  large,  circular,  non-contractile 
opening  situated  just  behind  the  posterior  pair  of  legs  (Fig.  IB).  Be- 
fore the  emergence  of  the  larvae  this  opening  is  closed  by  a  secretionary 


•Fig.  1. — Paleococcus,  morphological  details :  A,  diagrammatic,  vertical,  longitud- 
inal section  through  an  adult  female  to  show  position  of  marsupium;  B, 
diagram  of  ventral  side  of  body  of  adult  female  to  show  position  of  open- 
ing of  marsupium ;  C,  spiracle ;  D,  foot ;  E,  antenna  of  P.  morrilli. 

flap  which  originates  from  the  pores  at  the  edge  of  the  opening.  Three 
pairs  of  abdominal  spiracles  are  present,  these  all  of  a  simple  type  (Fig. 
1C),  situated  at  the  posterior  end  of  the  abdomen.  Antennae  ten  to 
eleven-segmented.  Anal  tube  lacking  in  all  stages  except  the  first,  in 
this  stage  very  small.  First  stage  larva  as  in  Icerya  and  development  as 
in  that  genus. 


8  A    CONTRIBUTION    TO    THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 

Notes:  As  far  as  may  be  judged  from  the  literature  available  to  me  for 
examination  it  remains  to  be  demonstrated  that  any  of  the  American  species  now 
referred  to  this  genus  are  congeneric  with  the  type.  In  none  of  the  descriptions 
of  the  type  species  that  I  have  seen  is  any  mention  made  of  the  presence  of  the 
marsupium  or  of  the  opening  of  the  marsupium  (erroneously  described  hereto- 
fore as  the  vaginal  opening)  which  is  the  salient  character  of  the  genus  as  rep- 
resented by  the  three  species,  P.  townsendi  (Ckll.),  P.  plucheae  (Ckll.)  and  P. 
morrilli  Ckll.  Should  it  prove  that  these  three  are  indeed  not  congeneric  with  P. 
fuscipennis  (Burm.),  the  genus  Crypticerya,  with  P.  rosae  (Riley  &  Howard)  as 
type,  might  be  revived  for  them. 

In  all  respects  this  genus  is  very  close  to  Icerya,  the  only  significant  differ- 
ence being  found  in  the  presence  of  the  marsupium.  In  the  immature  stages  the 
marsupium  is  not  developed  and  specimens  are  not  at  all  distinguishable  from 
specimens  of  Icerya  of  corresponding  age.  The  ring  of  pores  which  forms  the 
margin  of  the  opening  of  the  marsupium  is  apparently  homologous  with  the  ring 
of  pores  by  which  the  ovisac  is  formed  in  Icerya  and  the  marsupium  itself  is 
homologous  with  the  area  included  within  this  ring  of  pores. 

Paleococcus  morrilli  Ckll. 
Fig.  2. 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  undetermined  host,  Jerome,  Ariz. 
In  material  of  this  species  received  from  Professor  Cockerell  there  re- 
mained a  fragment  of  the  host  plant  which  agrees  in  all  respects  with 
Acacia  greggii.  The  probability  that  this  is  the  host  is  increased  by  the 
fact  that  the  species  has  been  taken  from  Acacia  greggii  on  two  other 
occasions. 

Material  examined.  Specimens  from  the  type  material  and  from 
Acacia  greggii,  near  Vail,  Ariz.,  and  at  Cottonwood,  Ariz.,  the  latter  col- 
lected by  E.  Bethel  and  received  by  the  author  from  Professor  Cockerell. 

Habit.  A  large  species,  about  7  mm.  long,  4.5  mm.  high  and  5  mm. 
broad,  high  convex  and  somewhat  pyriform,  the  posterior  portion  broad- 
est; dark  gray  in  color  (becoming  red  when  dried),  slightly  dusted  over 
with  white  secretion  and  with  longitudinal  rows  of  short,  white  tufts  of 
secretion. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  with  the  dorsum  spar- 
ingly beset  with  small  spines  and  setae  which  become  longer  and  more  nu- 
merous on  the  head.  Margins  with  a  series  of  large,  stout  setae,  arranged 
singly,  each  accompanied  by  two  or  three  short,  stout  spines.  On  the 
abdomen  these  groups  of  setae  and  spines  are  arranged  segmentally. 
Depression  containing  the  anal  opening  surrounded  by  many  slender 
setae.  Derm  with  relatively  few  pores,  these  all  small  and  of  one  size 
and  type  and  tending  at  intervals  to  form  clusters  which  coincide  with 
the  tufts  of  secretion.  Ventral  side  of  the  abdomen  with  numerous  short 


THE    COCCIDAE   OF   SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES 

spines  of  various  lengths.     Margin  of  the  marsupial  opening  with  nu- 
merous pores  mingled  with  a  few  short  spines. 

Immature  stages  lacking  the  marsupium.  Penultimate  stage  with 
numerous  clusters  of  short,  stout  spines  on  the  dorsum.  First  stage  of 
larva  (Fig.  2)  of  the  type  found  in  Icerya. 


Fig.  2. — Paleococcus  morrilli  Ckll. :  first  stage  larva. 


10  A    CONTRIBUTION    TO   THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 

Notes :  In  the  original  description  of  this  species  it  is  stated'  that  the  body 
tapers  posteriorly  into  a  tail.  It  is  in  fact  the  anterior  end  that  tapers,  this 
being  due  in  part  to  the  natural  form  and  in  part  to  the  fact  that  the  abdomen 
when  full  of  ova  shrinks  less  than  does  the  anterior  portion  of  the  body.  This 
differs  from  the  other  species  of  this  genus  herein  dealt  with  by  the  very  stout 
marginal  setae.  The  immature  stages  very  much  resemble  the  immature  stages 
of  Icerya  rileyi,  but  may  be  distinguished  by  the  groups  of  stout  spines  on  the 
dorsum. 

Paleococcus  plucheae  (Ckll.)? 

Type  host  and  locality.    From  Pluchea  sp.  near  Las  Cruces,  N.  Mex. 

Material  examined.  A  fragmentary  specimen  from  the  type  ma- 
terial and  specimens  from  Baccharis  sp.  in  the  river  bottom  below  Ele- 
phant Butte  Dam,  N.  Mex. 

Habit.  Smaller  than  the  preceding,  5  to  6  mm.  long.  Rather 
thickly  covered  with  powdery  secretion  and  with  rows  of  tufts,  all  of  a 
yellowish  color. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Differing  from  P.  morrilli  only  in  the 
much  more  abundant  pores  of  the  dorsum  and  in  having  the  marginal 
setae  noticeably  more  slender  and  not  accompanied  by  short  spines. 

Notes :  This  determination  is  entirely  provisional,  the  specimen  from  the 
type  material  being  in  too  poor  condition  to  aid  in  recognizing  the  species.  The 
specimens  at  hand  agree  with  the  original  description  in  the  color  of  the  secretion 
and  are  from  the  same  river  valley  as  the  types. 

Paleococcus  townsendi  (Ckll.)  ? 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  Gutierrezia  on  the  Mescalero  Indian 
Reservation,  N.  Mex. 

Specimens  examined.  From  Peucephyllum  schottii  at  Shaver's  Well, 
a  few  miles  east  of  Mecca,  Cal. 

Habit.     Resembling  the  preceding  but  with  the  secretion  pure  white. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Resembling  P.  plucheae  in  abundance 
of  dorsal  pores  but  differing  from  both  this  and  P.  morrilli  in  having  all 
spines  and  setae  very  slender. 

Notes :  This  determination  is  entirely  provisional,  being  based  only  upon 
similarity  in  the  color  of  the  secretion.  This  is  the  first  record  of  the  occur- 
rence of  any  species  of  this  genus  in  California. 


THE    COCCIDAE   OF   SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES 


11 


Genus  ICERYA  Sign. 
Fig.  3. 

Ordinarily  but  little  attention  seems  to  have  been  paid  to  morpho- 
logical characters  (other  than  the  antennae  and  legs)  in  describing  spe- 
cies of  this  genus.  A  study  of  the  material  available,  representing  five 
species,  indicates  that  these  species,  at  least,  can  quite  easily  be  separated 
by  morphological  characters. 

These  characters  are  to  be  found  in  the  spines  and  setae  and  the 
various  pores.  The  shape  and  size  of  the  setae  and  their  arrangement, 
whether  in  tufts  or  singly,  are  very  useful.  In  /.  purchase,  for  example, 
the  setae  are  very  abundant,  all  slender  and  in  part  arranged  in  conspicu- 
ous tufts.  In  7.  rileyi  the  setae  are  few  and  are  not  arranged  in  tufts. 


Fig.  3. — Icerya,  morphological  details :  A,  diagram  of  ventral  side  of  female  to 
show  position  of  ring  of  pores  from  which  the  ovisac  is  excreted ;  B,  por- 
tion of  ventral  pore  ring  of  /.  rileyi;  C,  portion  of  ventral  pore  ring  of  / 
purchasi;  D,  types  of  dermal  pores. 

Two  types  of  pores  are  found  in  the  genus  (Fig.  3D).  These  are 
very  similar  in  appearance,  but  those  of  one  type  are  nearly  twice  as 
large  as  those  of  the  other.  The  relative  numbers  of  these  two  types  are 
of  value,  /.  rileyi  having  all  the  pores  of  the  smaller  type,  while  in  7.  sey- 
chellarum  there  are  many  of  the  larger  type  as  well.  The  arrangement 
of  the  pores  by  which  the  ovisac  is  secreted  is  especially  significant. 
These  pores  are  disposed  in  a  large  ring  on  the  venter  of  the  abdomen 
(Fig.  3A),  this  ring  enclosing  an  area  in  which  pores  and  spines  are 
practically  lacking.  In  7.  rileyi  (Fig.  3B)  the  pores  are  very  numerous 
and  are  associated  with  a  nearly  equal  number  of  short  spines.  In  7. 


12  A    CONTRIBUTION    TO   THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 

purchasi  (Fig.  3C)  the  ring  contains  many  pores  and  but  very  few 
spines.  In  /.  seychellarum  (specimens  from  Ceylon,  determined  by  E. 
E.  Green)  the  pores  are  few  and  anteriorly  the  ring  almost  disappears. 

I  have  elsewhere  recorded  the  presence  of  abdominal  spiracles  in  the 
females  of  certain  species  of  this  genus,  but,  as  far  as  I  am  aware,  they 
have  not  been  recorded  in  the  male.  In  fact,  I  do  not  know  that  they 
have  been  seen  in  the  male  of  any  Coccid.  There  are  three  pairs  in  the 
male  of  /.  rileyi,  these  being  on  the  last  three  segments  of  the  abdomen. 

Icerya  rileyi  Ckll. 
Fig.  3B. 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  Covillea  and  Prosopis,  Mesilla  Val- 
ley, N.  Mex. 

Specimens  examined.  From  Covillea  glutinosa  near  the  Mesilla 
Valley  and  Socorro,  N.  Mex.,  and  from  Prosopis.  velutina  near  Ben- 
son, Ariz. 

Habit.  Dorsum  with  a  few  irregular  tufts  of  secretion.  Ovisac 
quite  long,  more  or  less  cylindrical,  minutely  ridged  but  not  fluted,  white 
or  slightly  yellowish  at  the  base. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Dorsum  of  the  adult  female  rather 
sparingly  beset  with  spines  and  setae  of  various  sizes,  some  short  and 
stout,  others  long  and  slender,  these  nowhere  arranged  in  tufts.  Mar- 
gins with  a  series  of  long,  slender  setae  arranged  in  twos  or  threes,  the 
groups  on  the  abdomen  being  disposed  one  to  each  segment.  Setae  about 
the  anal  opening  rather  small  and  stout,  few.  Pores  throughout  of  but 
one  size,  small,  those  of  the  ventral  ring  very  numerous  and  accompanied 
by  a  nearly  equal  number  of  short  spines,  those  of  the  dorsum  relatively 
few,  showing  some  tendency  to  form  groups  at  intervals.  Three  pairs 
of  abdominal  spiracles  present,  these  at  the  posterior  end  of  the  abdomen. 
Antennae,  nine  to  ten-segmented. 

The  adult  male  (specimens  from  Prosopis  velutina,  at  Benson, 
Ariz.)  appears  to  be  of  the  type  common  to  the  genus.  It  possesses  three 
pairs  of  abdominal  spiracles,  these  on  the  last  three  segments. 

Notes :  The  specimens  from  Prosopis  velutina  differ  somewhat  from  the 
others  in  having  the  ovisac  slightly  yellowish  at  the  base,  agreeing  in  this  respect 
with  the  description  of  /.  littoralis  Ckll.  Otherwise  I  am  unable  to  detect  any 
difference  between  these  and  the  specimens  from  the  type  host  and  locality. 

Cockerell  has  named  the  subgenus  Proticerya  with  this  species  as  the  type, 
basing  this  upon  the  nine-segmented  antennae  of  the  adult  female.  In  some  of 
my  specimens  the  antennae  are  nine-segmented  on  one  side  of  the  body  and  ten- 
segmented  on  the  other.  As  some  of  the  species  of  Icerya  that  normally  have 
eleven-segmented  antennae  may  in  all  probability  at  times  vary  to  ten  segments,  it 
hardly  seems  that  this  subgenus  is  worthy  of  recognition,  at  least  on  the  basis  of 
this  character  alone. 


THE   COCCIDAE   OF   SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES  13 

Genus  STOMACOCCUS  Ferris. 

Stomacoccus  platani  Ferris. 
1917.    Stomacoccus  platani  Ferris,  Can.  Ent.,  49:375-8,  fig.  36-39. 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  Platanus  racemosa,  Stevens  Creek, 
Santa  Clara  County,  Cal.,  and  from  the  same  host  at  Pasadena,  Cal. 

Material  examined.  From  Platanus  wrightii,  Sabino  Canyon,  Tuc- 
son, Ariz.,  June  25th. 

Notes:  This  species  has  not  previously  been  recorded  from  any  point  out- 
side of  California.  I  am  informed  that  it  occurs  on  "Oriental  Sycamore"  at 
Fresno,  in  this  state. 

Genus  XYLOCOCCUS  Loew. 
Xylococcus  macrocarpae  Coleman. 

Professor  Cockerell  has  sent  me  specimens  of  this  species  from  Li- 
bocedrus  decurrens  at  Julian,  sixty  miles  northeast  of  San  Diego,  Cal., 
collected  by  E.  Bethel.  This  has  been  recorded  from  the  same  host 
before,  but  not  south  of  the  central  part  of  the  state. 

Genus  ORTHEZIA  Bosc. 
Orthezia  nuda  n.  sp. 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  Quercus  emoryi,  between  Benson  and 
Dragoon,  Ariz.,  June  28,  1918. 

Habit.  Length  of  dried  specimen  with  ovisac  4.5  mm. ;  length  of  ovi- 
sac  2.5  mm.,  width  2.5  mm.  Dorsum  entirely  destitute  of  secretion  ex- 
cept for  a  fringe  of  very  short  marginal  tufts  about  the  posterior  portion 
of  the  abdomen.  Ovisac  as  broad  as  long  and  but  little  longer  than  the 
length  of  the  body,  straight  and  with  the  tip  truncate;  composed  of 
numerous  narrow  plates  of  rather  loose  secretion. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Dorsum  entirely  destitute  of  spines 
except  for  a  very  few  on  the  head  between  the  antennae.  Lateral  margins 
of  each  abdominal  segment,  except  the  first,  each  with  a  small  area;  a 
small  area  behind  each  thoracic  spiracle ;  a  small  area  just  caudolaterad 
and  one  just  caudomesad  of  each  posterior  coxa.  Ring  of  spines  and 
pores  from  which  the  ovisac  arises  well  defined.  Antennae  eight-seg- 
mented. Seven  pairs  of  abdominal  spiracles  present. 

Notes:  The  complete  absence  of  secretion  on  the  dorsum  and  the  short, 
stout  ovisac  seem  to  distinguish  this  from  any  described  species. 


14  A    CONTRIBUTION    TO   THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 

Orthezia  graminis  Tinsley. 

Type  host  and  locality.     From  grass,  Organ  Mountains,  N.  Mex. 

Material  examined.  From  undetermined  perennial  grass  near  Lan- 
caster, Los  Angeles  County,  Cal. 

Notes:  This  determination  is  based  entirely  upon  the  original  description. 
While  I  am  certainly  not  prepared  to  say  that  this  species  is  identical  with  0. 
insignis,  I  am  unable  to  find  any  characters  by  which  my  specimens  can  foe  sep- 
arated from  the  latter  species,  even  upon  a  direct  comparison. 

Orthezia  annae  Ckll. 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  Atriplex  canescens,  Las  Cruces,  N. 
Mex.  Recorded  from  chenopodiaceous  plants  throughout  the  southwest. 

Specimens  examined.  From  Kochia  calif ornica,  near  Lancaster  and 
Atriplex  sp.  near  Lone  Pine,  Cal.;  Atriplex  sp.  at  Tempe  and  between 
San  Simon  and  Bowie,  Ariz.  Professor  Cockerell  has  sent  me  speci- 
mens from  Atriplex  sp.  at  Cottonwood,  Ariz.,  collected  by  E.  Bethel. 

Notes :  This  species  is  very  much  in  need  of  redescription,  but  I  leave  it 
for  the  present  in  the  hope  of  presenting  later  a  paper  dealing  especially  with  this 
group. 

Orthezia  sp. 

An  undetermined  species  of  this  genus  was  taken  from  Juniperus 
pachyphloea  near  Datil,  N.  Mex.  I  record  this,  as  it  appears  to  be 
one  of  the  few  (if  indeed  not  the  only)  records  of  an  Orthezia  from  a 
coniferous  host. 

Genus  LECANIODIASPIS  Targ. 
Lecaniodiaspis  rufescens  (Ckll.)  ? 

Type  host  and  locality.     From  Atriplex,  near  Las  Cruces,  N.  Mex. 

Specimens  examined.  From  Adelia  neomexicana  and  Chrysotham- 
nus  mohavensis  at  Lancaster,  Los  Angeles  County,  Cal.,  and  from  Aden- 
ostoma  fasciculatum  at  Sierra  Madre,  Cal.,  the  last  collected  by  Professor 
Doane. 

Morphological  characteristics.  The  only  characters  of  specific 
value  seem  to  lie  in  the  apparent  absence  of  stigmatic  spines  and  in  the 
presence  of  five  pairs  of  cribriform  plates  on  the  venter  of  the  abdomen. 
The  absence  of  stigmatic  spines  may  be  due  to  their  loss  in  the  course  of 
preparation,  but  several  individuals  have  been  examined.  Furthermore, 
no  trouble  of  this  sort  has  been  experienced  in  dealing  with  other  species 
of  this  genus. 

Notes:  This  determination  is  provisional  only,  being  based  entirely  upon  the 
fact  that  other  authors  have  determined  the  species  found  on  Adenostoma  as  L. 
rufescens. 


THE    COCCIDAE   OF   SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES  15 

Lecaniodiaspis  sp. 

Host  and  locality.  From  Holacantha  emoryi,  eight  miles  west  of 
Ludlow,  Cal. 

Habit.  Test  in  all  respects  resembling  that  of  L.  rufescens,  oval, 
about  3  mm.  long  and  2.5  mm.  wide,  with  a  few  slightly  elevated  points 
on  the  dorsum,  white  to  yellowish. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Stigmatic  spines  present  only  in 
connection  with  the  anterior  pair  of  spiracles,  large,  variously  misshapen, 
appearing  either  singly  or  in  pairs.  Three  pairs  of  cribriform  plates 
present,  these  corresponding  to  the  posterior  three  of  other  species. 

Notes:  The  existing  descriptions  of  all  the  American  species  of  this  group 
are  inadequate  for  purposes  of  identification  and  as  this  may  well  be  a  described 
form  I  refrain  from  giving  it  a  name.  It  is  certainly  not  the  species  here  recorded 
as  L.  rufescens. 

Genus  OLLIFFIELLA  Ckll. 

Coccidae  referable  to  the  sub-family  Dactylopiinae  (of  the  Fernald 
Catalogue),  belonging  to  the  Eriococcus  group  and  probably  most  nearly 
related  to  the  genus  Kermes.  Adult  female  with  well  developed  legs  and 
antennae,  the  latter  five  to  six-segmented ;  without  anal  lobes ;  anal  ring 
apparently  hairless,  borne  at  the  inner  end  of  a  short  invagination ;  derm 
with  8-shaped  pores ;  tubular  ducts  very  minute,  of  the  type  found  in 
Eriococcus  and  related  forms.  First  stage  larva  with  well  developed  anal 
lobes;  with  rows  of  dorsal  spines;  with  six-segmented  antennae;  with 
six  hairs  on  the  anal  ring. 

Type  of  the  genus,  Olliffiella  cristicola  Ckll. 

Notes:  When  this  genus  was  first  described  it  appears  to  have  been  regarded 
as  most  closely  related  to  some  of  the  strange  gall-making  forms  of  Australia, 
but  Cockerell  has  since  assigned  it  to  the  Eriococcus  group,  a  position  that  is  in 
all  probability  correct.  In  its  immature  stages  (except  for  the  presence  of  the 
8-shaped  pores)  O.  cristicola  is  scarcely,  if  at  all,  separable  generically  from  the 
corresponding  stages  of  certain  species  of  Kermes.  The  presence  of  8-shaped 
pores  is  somewhat  disturbing,  but  it  should  be  noted  that  these  pores  are 
not  as  distinctive  of  the  Asterolecaniine  group  as  has  been  thought,  being  devel- 
oped in  some  of  the  Monophleboid  forms  (Stigmacoccus  asper)  as  well,  and  it 
hardly  seems  that  this  single  character  should  outweigh  all  the  other  evidence. 
It  should  also  be  noted  that  Cockerell's  statement  that  the  tarsi  are  distinctly  two- 
segmented  is  entirely  erroneous.  The  tarsi  present  no  abnormal  characters. 

Olliffiella  cristicola  Ckll. 
Fig.  4. 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  Quercus  wrightii  (which  according 
to  recent  authorities  is  Q.  pungens),  N.  Mex. 


16 


A    CONTRIBUTION    TO    THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 


Material  examined.     From  Quercus  emoryi,  between  Benson  and 
Dragoon  and  in  the  mountains  east  of  Rice,  Ariz. 


Fig.  4. — Olliffiella  cristicola  Ckll. :  A,  anal  opening  of  adult  female;  B,  anal  lobes 
of  first  stage  larva,  right  half  dorsal,  left  half  ventral ;  C,  spine  from  dorsum 
of  adult  female;  D,  tubular  duct;  E,  eight-shaped  pore;  F,  pentagonal  pore; 
G,  circular  pore;  H,  tibia  and  tarsus  of  adult;  I,  antenna  of  first  stage;  J, 
antenna  of  adult;  K,  first  stage  larva. 


THE    COCCIDAE   OF   SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES  17 

Habit.  Occurring  in  galls  on  the  under  side  of  the  leaf,  the  gall 
opening  on  the  upper  side  of  the  leaf  by  an  elongate  slit  parallel  to  the 
midrib  of  the  leaf.  Usually  there  is  but  a  single  gall  on  each  leaf,  but 
there  may  at  times  be  two.  The  galls  are  quite  large,  10  to  15  mm.  high, 
8  to  10  mm.  in  greatest  thickness  at  the  base,  compressed  conical  in  form, 
tapering  to  a  sharp  point.  After  drying  they  are  hard  and  woody.  The 
insect  quite  fills  the  cavity  of  the  gall  and  lies  with  its  dorsum  against  the 
opening.  The  shape  of  the  insect  is  conical,  the  heavily  chitinized  dor- 
sum  being  flat,  the  membranous  venter  conforming  to  the  shape  of  the 
cavity. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Fully  mature  female  with  the  derm 
of  the  dorsum  heavily  chitinized,  that  of  the  venter  remaining  membran- 
ous. Dorsum  flat,  circular  in  outline,  anal  opening  at  some  distance 
from  the  margin.  Before  maturity  is  reached  the  derm  is  membranous 
throughout  and  it  is  while  in  this  condition  that  the  insect  may  best  be 
studied.  The  derm  of  the  dorsum  is  thickly  beset  with  8-shaped 
pores  (Fig.  4E),  mingled  with  a  few  more  or  less  pentagonal  pores 
(Fig.  4F)  and  a  few  small,  basally  swollen  spines  (Fig.  4C)  which  are 
most  numerous  about  the  margin,  and  with  numerous  slender  setae  just 
behind  the  anal  opening.  A  few  extremely  minute  tubular  ducts 
(Fig.  4D)  are  present.  Venter  likewise  with  8-shaped  pores  and  also  with 
numerous  multilocular  pores  (Fig.  4G).  Anal  lobes  entirely  lacking. 
Anal  opening  at  the  inner  end  of  a  short  invagination.  In  mature  indi- 
viduals the  external  opening  of  this  invagination  (Fig.  4A)  is  somewhat 
parabolic  in  outline.  Antennae  (Fig.  4j)  five  to  six-segmented,  short 
and  stout.  Legs  (Fig  4H)  well  developed,  claw  not  toothed  beneath, 
digitules  of  the  claw,  filiform,  not  knobbed  at  the  tip. 

First  stage  larva  (Fig.  4K)  with  well  -developed  anal  lobes 
(Fig.  4B)  ;  anal  ring  on  the  ventral  side,  bearing  six  small  setae;  margin 
with  a  single  row  of  short,  stout,  truncate  spines,  dorsum  with  two  lon- 
gitudinal rows  of  such  spines;  antennae  (Fig.  41)  six-segmented,  of  the 
usual  Eriococcine  type. 

Genus  ERIOCOCCUS  Targ. 

A  considerable  quantity  of  material  belonging  to  this  genus  is  at 
hand,  but  most  of  the  species  cannot  be  identified  and  are  left  for  some 
future  time.  Only  those  species  are  here  recorded  of  which  the  identifi- 
cation is  practically  certain.  Mr.  Harold  Morrison  of  the  United  States 
Bureau  of  Entomology  and  the  present  author  have  prepared  a  paper 
dealing  with  the  North  American  species  of  this  genus  which  it  is  hoped 
may  some  day  be  published,  and  the  redescription  of  the  species  here 
recorded  is  left  for  that  paper. 


18  A    CONTRIBUTION    TO   THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 

Eriococcus  bahiae  Ehrh. 

Type  locality.  From  Eriophyllum  (=  Bahia)  confertiflorum,  Ste- 
vens Creek,  Santa  Clara  County,  Cal. 

Material  examined.  Topotypes  and  specimens  from  Gutierrezia  sp. 
on  the  mesa  west  of  Las  Cruces,  N.  Mex. 

Eriococcus  gillettei  Tins. 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  Juniperus  virginiana  (now  called 
/.  scopulorum),  Salida,  Colo. 

Material  examined.  The  types  and  specimens  from  Juniperus  pach- 
yphloea  a  few  miles  west  of  Datil,  N.  Mex. 

Eriococcus  tinsleyi  Ckll. 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  Atriplex  canescens,  Mesilla  Park, 
N.  Mex. 

Material  examined.  The  types  and  specimens*  from  Atriplex  sp. 
Springerville,  N.  Mex. 

Genus  FONSCOLOMBIA  Licht. 
Fonscolombia  yuccae  n.  sp. 
Fig.  5. 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  a  broad-leaved  Yucca  near  the  head  of 
Blue  Canyon,  west  of  Socorro,  N.  Mex. 

Habit.  Occurring  at  the  base  of  the  leaves ;  covered  with  more  or 
less  white,  woolly  secfetion ;  insect,  when  denuded  of  secretion,  bright 
red. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  (flattened  on  slide) 
1.2  mm.  long,  elongate  oval  in  form  (Fig.  5E).  Legs  and  antennae  well 
developed,  the  latter  seven-segmented,  of  the  usual  Eriococcine  type 
(Fig.  5A)  ;  claw  without  a  denticle  beneath,  Dorsum  sparingly  beset 
with  small,  slender  spines  (Fig.  5G).  Derm  with  numerous  small,  tubu- 
lar ducts  (Fig.  5C)  of  the  usual  Eriococcine  type,  ventrally  with  numerous 
pentagonal  pores  (Fig.  5E)  in  the  region  of  the  vaginal  opening  and 
with  a  nearly  complete  circle  of  such  pores  about  each  of  the  spiracles 
(Fig.  5D).  Anal  lobes  weakly  developed,  each  bearing  one  long  and  two 
or  three  very  short  setae.  Anal  ring  on  the  ventral  side,  small,  heavily 
chitinized,  bearing  six  small  setae  (Fig.  5H). 

Immature  female  with  shorter  and  stouter  antennae  (Fig.  5B)  than 
the  adult ;  without  pentagonal  pores  on  the  venter ;  with  the  dorsum  beset 


THE    COCCIDAE   OF    SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES 


19 


with    six    longitudinal    rows    of    short,    stout,    basally    swollen    spines 
(Fig.  5F)  instead  of  with  slender  spines. 


Fig.  5. — Fonscolombia  yuccae  n.  sp. :  A,  antenna  of  adult  female;  B,  antenna  of 
immature  female;  C,  tubular  duct;  D,  spiracle  of  adult  female;  E,  adult 
female  from  the  ventral  aspect  and  at  the  left  a  disproportionately  enlarged 
ventral  pore ;  F,  spine  of  immature  female ;  G,  spine  of  adult  female ;  H, 
anal  ring  of  adult  female. 

Notes :  This  very  closely  resembles  F.  braggi  Ckll.  and  Rob.,  differing 
chiefly  in  the  fact  that  the  adult  female  of  the  latter  species  lacks  the  pentagonal 
pores  in  the  region  of  the  vaginal  opening.  Through  the  kindness  of  Professor 
Cockerell  I  have  been  enabled  to  examine  specimens  from  the  type  material  of 
the  latter  species.  It  should  be  noted  that  in  the  description  of  this  species  the 
authors  have  mistakenly  referred  to  the  short,  blunt  spines  as  glands. 

This  is  the  second  species  of  this  genus  to  be  described  from  North  America, 
unless,  as  is  quite  possible,  some  of  the  species  now  referred  to  Gymnococcus 
belong  here. 

Genus  DACTYLOPIUS  Costa. 

The  determinations  of  the  species  of  this  genus  are  based  upon  a 
paper  by  Mr.  E.  E.  Green1  dealing  with  the  genus  and  also  upon  deter- 
minations made  by  Mr.  Green  of  specimens  sent  to  him  by  me. 

1 1912.  Green,  E.  E.  "On  the  cultivated  and  wild  forms  of  cochineal  insects." 
Jn.  EC.  Biology,  7:79-92,  pi.  1. 


20  A    CONTRIBUTION    TO   THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 

Dactylopius  confusus  (Ckll.). 

Material  examined.  From  a  flat  Opuntia  at  Tucson,  Ariz.,  and  from 
Opuntia  polyacantha  (?)  at  Helena,  Mont.,  the  latter  collected  by  Profes- 
sor Doane. 

Dactylopius  indicus  Green. 

Material  examined.  From  Opuntia  sulphurea  in  the  greenhouse  at 
Stanford  University.  This  plant  had  but  recently  been  received  from  the 
New  York  Botanical  Garden  and  bore  a  label  indicating  that  it  had  been 
collected  in  Argentina  about  a  year  before.  None  of  the  other  cacti 
which  accompanied  it  were  infested  and  it  appears  probable  that  this  is 
its  native  host.  This  is  the  second  record  of  the  species.  The  deter- 
mination has  been  confirmed  by  Mr.  Green. 

Dactylopius  tomentosus  (Lam.). 

Material  examined.  From  an  undetermined,  jointed,  cylindrical 
cactus  at  Gruendyke's  Well,  between  Mecca  and  Blythe,  Cal.,  and  from 
a  cylindrical  Opuntia  on  the  butte  at  Tempe,  Ariz.  Also  from  Opuntia 
sp.  at  San  Diego,  Cal.  Specimens  from  the  last  named  locality  have  been 
recorded  by  Essig  in  his  "Injurious  and  Beneficial  Insects  of  California" 
as  D.  confusus,  but  there  is  every  probability  that  this  record  really  has  to 
do  with  tomentosus,  which  appears  to  be  abundant  in  that  locality. 

:  Genus  PUTO  Sign. 

Puto  yuccae  (Coq.). 

1918.    Puto  yuccae  (Coq.)  ;  Ferris,  Cal.  Species  Mealy  Bugs,  p.  64. 

What  appears  to  be  this  species  was  taken  from  the  crowns  of  Yucca 
sp.  at  Magdalena,  N.  Mex. ;  Aster  spinosus  at  Tucson,  Ariz.,  and  evening 
primrose  a  few  miles  north  of  Bishop,  Cal. 

Genus  PHENACOCCUS  Ckll. 

Phenacoccus  betheli  (Ckll.). 

Fig.  6. 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  Amelanchier  sp.,  Grand  Canyon, 
Ariz. 

Specimens  examined.     Part  of  the  type  material. 

Habit.  "Adult  females  solitary  on  the  twigs;  hemispherical  or 
nearly;  about  4  mm.  long,  2^4  mm.  broad,  a  little  over  2  mm.  high;  dark 
raspberry-red,  covered  dorsally  with  white  mealy  secretion  in  small  tufts, 


THE   COCCIDAE   OF   SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES  21 

like  a  deposit  of  alkali  on  the  soil,  the  surface  more  or  less  visible  be- 
tween ;  short,  thick,  irregular  marginal  tufts" :  according  to  the  original 
description. 


r  '.'.,.' 


f-  i 


Fig.  (t.—Phenacoccus  betheli  Ckll. :    anal  lobes  and  penultimate  cerarius,  left  dorsal, 
right  ventral. 

Morphological  characteristics.  The  number  of  pairs  of  cerarii  is 
difficult  to  determine  because  of  the  distortion  arising  from  the  un- 
uisual  convexity  of  the  insect  and  the  resemblance  of  the  cerarian  spines 
to  those  of  the  dorsum.  Whether  or  not  the  eighteen  pairs  character- 
istic of  this  genus  are  present  could  only  be  determined  by  an  examina- 
tion of  specimens  taken  before  this  convexity  has  been  attained.  Count- 
ing forward  from  the  anal  lobes  I  have  been  able  to  detect  but  six  distinct 
pairs.  Anal  lobe  and  penultimate  pairs  with  six  to  ten  spines,  third  pair 
with  two  spines  close  together  and  several  others  scattered  about,  remain- 
der with  but  two.  In  all  the  cerarii  the  spines  are  somewhat  constricted 
at  the  base,  giving  them  a  "spearhead-shaped"  appearance,  those  of  the 
anal  lobe  pair  largest,  the  others  becoming  successively  smaller.  All  of 
the  cerarii  with  but  few  pores  and  without  auxiliary  setae.  Anal  lobes 
with  more  or  less  irregular  chitinization  both  dorsally  and  ventrally  and 
with  numerous  long,  slender  setae  on  the  ventral  side.  Spines  of  the 
dorsum  of  the  body  shaped  like  the  cerarian  spines  and  as  large  as  the 
smaller  of  the  latter,  few,  scattered.  Tubular  ducts  all  small  and  without 
a  raised  rim  about  the  mouth.  Anal  ring  setae  considerably  longer  than 
the  diameter  of  the  anal  ring  and  scarcely  half  as  long  as  the  anal  lobe 
setae.  Antennae  eight  to  nine-segmented.  Legs  rather  short,  the  claw 
with  a  distinct  tooth. 

Notes:  The  numerous  spines  of  the  last  three  pairs  of  cerarii  and  the  long 
slender  setae  of  the  ventral  side  of  the  anal  lobes  are  very  distinctive  features  of 
this  species. 


22  A    CONTRIBUTION    TO   THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 

Phenacoccus  helianthi  (Ckll.). 

Type  host  and  locality.     From  Hellanthus,  Las  Cruces,  N.  Mex. 

Material  examined.  From  Pluchea  sp.  and  Solanum  sp.  at  Las  Cru- 
ces, N.  Mex. ;  Baccharis  sp.  in  the  river  bottom  below  Elephant  Butte 
Dam,  N.  Mex. ;  undetermined  composite  near  the  University  at  Tucson, 
Ariz. ;  Ptiloria  sp.,  near  Lancaster,  Los  Angeles  County,  Cal. 

Habit.  Thinly  covered  with  white,  powdery  secretion,  lateral  tas- 
sels equaling  perhaps  half  the  width  of  the  body,  caudal  tassels  nearly 
as  long  as  the  body.  At  maturity  forming  a  slender,  white  ovisac  5  to 
10  mm.  long. 

Morphological  characteristics.  With  eighteen  pairs  of  cerarii.  Anal 
lobe  pair  with  ten  or  more  cerarian  spines  and  numerous  but  scattered 
pores,  all  surrounded  by  a  distinct  but  not  sharply  delimited  chitinized 
area ;  penultimate  pair  with  five  to  eight  spines  and  numerous  pores ;  re- 
maining pairs  all  with  but  two  spines  and  a  cluster  of  eight  to  ten  pores 
except  for  the  first  two  or  three  pairs,  which  have  four  to  six  spines. 
None  of  the  cerarii  with  auxiliary  setae.  In  all,  the  cerarian  spines  are 
rather  stout,  sharply  pointed  and  slightly  constricted  at  the  base.  Ven- 
tral side  of  the  anal  lobes  without  a  chitinized  area  and  with  but  two  or 
three  small  setae.  Spines  of  the  dorsum  of  the  body  few,  small,  in  part 
slender  and  in  part  like  the  cerarian  spines  but  smaller;  not  forming  a 
small,  median  cluster  on  the  last  segment.  Tubular  ducts  abundant,  small 
without  a  raised  rim  about  the  mouth.  Anal  ring  of  normal  size  and 
shape,  the  setae  somewhat  longer  than  the  diameter  of  the  ring  and  about 
equaling  the  anal  lobe  setae. 

Notes:  This  is  very  close  to  P.  eriogoni  Ferris,  so  close  that  the  figure 
given  for  the  latter  species  will  apply  equally  well  for  P.  helianthi.  The  two 
differ  in  habit  in  the  fact  that  the  marginal  tassels  of  helianthi  are  long  and 
slender,  while  in  eriogoni  they  are  short  and  stout.  Morphologically  the  two 
differ  in  the  fact  that  eriogoni  possesses  six  to  eight  spines  in  all  the  cerarii  and 
appears  constantly  to  have  a  small  cluster  of  spines  (not  noted  in  the  original  de- 
scription) on  the  dorsum  of  the  last  abdominal  segment.  These  differences  are 
quite  small,  but  they  are  constant  throughout  my  material. 

Genus  HETEROCOCCUS  Ferris. 
Heterococcus  arenae  Ferris. 

1918.  Heterococcus  arenae  Ferris,  Cal.  Species  Mealy  Bugs,  p.  65,  text  fig.  16C, 
pi.  3,  fig.  32. 

Type  host  and  locality..  From  Poa  douglasii  on  the  sand  dunes  at  Pa- 
cific Grove,  Monterey  County,  Cal. 

Material  examined.  From  an  undetermined  species  of  perennial 
grass  at  the  top  of  the  mountain  on  the  road  between  Big  Pine  and  Deep 
Springs,  Inyo  County,  Cal.  Altitude  about  7,000  feet. 


THE   COCCIDAE   OF   SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES  23 

Genus  LACHNODIUS  Maskell. 

This  genus  was  based  upon  the  fact  that  the  anal  ring  bears  numer- 
ous (twenty  or  more)  setae  instead  of  the  six  to  eight  commonly  found 
in  members  of  the  Pseudococcus  group.  I  have  at  hand  a  specimen 
from  Australia,  determined  by  Froggatt  as  L.  eucalypti  (Maskell),  the 
type  of  the  genus.  Also,  through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  E.  E.  Green,  I 
have  specimens  of  L.  greeni  Vays.  and  a  manuscript  species  o'f  Green.  I 
am  also  recording  an  apparently  new  species  that  I  shall  refer  to  this 
genus. 

If  the  specimen  purporting  to  be  L.  eucalypti  be  correctly  deter- 
mined, none  of  the  other  three  species  at  hand  can  be  referred  to  this 
genus.  The  anal  ring  possesses  numerous  setae,  but  the  margin  of  the 
body  is  beset  with  a  continuous,  single  row  of  short,  sharp  spines  and 
the  derm  bears  8-shaped  pores.  I  have  been  unable  to  detect  with 
certainty  whether  the  dorsal  ostioles  are  present  or  not.  I  am  inclined 
to  think  that  they  are  not. 

The  other  three  species  are  unquestionably  of  the  Pseudococcus  group 
and  should  probably  be  separated  from  Pseudococcus.  Being  unable  to 
determine  the  real  nature  of  the  genus  Lachnodius  I  shall  regard  them 
as  belonging  to  this  genus  and  base  the  following  characterization  of  the 
group  upon  them. 

Pseudococcine  forms  in  which  the  anal  ring  typically  possesses  more 
than  six  setae,  sometimes  as  many  as  twenty  or  more.  In  cases  where 
the  number  of  setae  on  the  ring  is  reduced  the  ring  is  surrounded  by  a 
cluster  of  setae.  Anal  ring  tending  to  be  set  well  away  from  the  margin. 
Cerarii  consisting  typically  of  irregular  patches  of  spines  and  pores; 
varying  in  number  from  eight  to  fifteen.  Antennae  seven  to  eight-seg- 
mented. First  stage  larva  with  six-segmented  antennae  and  with  six 
hairs  on  the  anal  ring. 

Lachnodius  salicis  n.  sp. 
Fig.  7. 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  Salix  sp.,  Sabino  Canyon,  Tucson, 
Ariz.,  June  25,  1918. 

'Habit.  Occurring  in  cracks  in  the  bark,  attended  by  ants  and  con- 
cealed beneath  a  covering  of  papery  consistency  made  by  the  ants.  All 
the  specimens  found  were  bare  of  secretion  (doubtless  because  of  the  at- 
tentions of  the  ants)  except  for  a  slight  marginal  fringe  on  the  abdomen, 
and  were  of  a  chocolate  color.  So  well  were  they  concealed  in  the 
cracks  that  it  was  only  the  presence  of  the  swarms  of  ants  that  led  to 
their  discovery. 


24 


A    CONTRIBUTION    TO    THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 


Morphological  characteristics.  Length  (flattened  on  slide)  3  mm.; 
form  broadly  oval,  almost  circular.  The  number  of  pairs  of  cerarii  is 
difficult  to  determine  with  accuracy,  due  to  the  fact  that  some  of  them 
appear  to  be  divided,  but  it  may  be  taken  as  seven.  Of  these,  one  pair, 


Fig.  7. — Lachnodius  salicis  n.  sp. :    A,  dorsal  aspect  of  portion  of  tip  of  abdomen, 
showing  anal  ring  and  cerarii ;  B,  cerarian  spine  disproportionately  enlarged. 

containing  five  to  seven  closely  grouped  spines,  is  on  the  head  anterior  to 
the  eyes.  The  remainder  are  along  the  posterior  portion  of  the  abdomen, 
the  groups  being  somewhat  linear  in  form.  Anal  lobe  pair  with  fifteen 
to  twenty  spines,  penultimate  pair  with  nearly  as  many,  the  number  in 
the  remaining  pairs  becoming  successively  less.  In  all  the  spines  are 
short  and  conical,  accompanied  by  many  pores  but  without  auxiliary 
setae.  Dorsal  body  setae  relatively  few,  short  and  slender.  Tubular 
ducts  very  few,  small.  Anal  lobes  protruding  but  little,  without  chitiniza- 
tion  either  dorsally  or  ventrally.  Anal  ring  at  some  distance  from  the 
margin,  of  normal  size  and  shape,  bearing  six  to  ten  setae  and  surrounded 
by  a  group  of  setae.  Antennae  eight-segmented.  Legs  rather  stout,  the 
claw  without  a  tooth. 

Notes:  This  differs  from  the  other  species  of  its  group  by  the  reduced 
number  of  setae  on  the  anal  ring.  In  other  respects,  however,  all  three  are  very 
similar. 

Genus  PSEUDOCOCCUS  Westw. 
Pseudococcus  ephedrae  (Coq.). 

Fig.  8. 
1918.    Pseudococcus  ephedrae  (Coq.)  ;  Ferris,  Cal.  Species  Mealy  Bugs,  p.  45. 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  Ephedra  sp.,  Los  Angeles  County, 
Cal. 


THE   COCCIDAE   OF   SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES 


25 


Material  examined.  From  Ephedra  sp.,  near  Lancaster,  Los  An- 
geles County,  and  near  Whitewater,  San  Bernardino  County,  Cal. 

Habit.  Covered  with  powdery,  white  secretion ;  lateral  tassels  short, 
caudal  tassels  long  and  stout.  At  maturity  a  pad  of  secretion  is  formed 
underlying  the  entire  body  and  finally  partially  enveloping  it. 


•J    '  •  °i 

.•    •  .  •'  ' 


Fig.  8. — Pseudococcus  ephedrae  (Coq.)  :  dorsal  aspect  of  portion  of  tip  of  abdo- 
men, showing  anal  ring  and  anal  lobe  and  penultimate  cerarii. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Length  of  largest  specimens  (flat- 
tened on  slide)  5.5  mm.  Form  broadly  oval.  Not  more  than  eleven  pairs 
of  cerarii  present,  some  of  those  normally  present  along  the  anterior  por- 
tion of  the  abdomen  and  the  posterior  portion  of  the  thorax  being  sup- 
pressed. Anal  lobe  pair  with  fifteen  to  twenty  conical  spines,  several 
slender  setae  and  numerous  pores,  all  borne  upon  a  circular,  sharply 
defined  and  somewhat  elevated,  chitinized  area.  Penultimate  cerarii 
with  six  to  ten  spines  and  scattered  pores,  but  no  slender  setae,  all  sur- 
rounded by  an  indefinite  chitinized  area.  Remaining  cerarii  with  two  to 
four  spines  and  three  to  four  pores,  but  no  auxiliary  setae.  Dorsal  body 
setae  few,  small  and  slender.  Tubular  ducts  for  the  most  part  without  a 
raised  rim  about  the  mouth.  Anal  ring  simple,  borne  upon  the  dorsum 
at  some  distance  from  the  margin.  Anal  ring  setae  scarcely  as  long  as 
the  diameter  of  the  ring  and  about  a  third  as  long  as  the  anal  lobe  setae. 

First  stage  larva  with  six-segmented  antennae ;  with  but  one  pair  of 
cerarii,  these  on  the  anal  lobes  and  containing  but  two  spines. 

Notes :  In  my  key  to  the  California  species  of  this  genus  this  will  run  to 
P.  craivii,  a  species  which  it  very  much  resembles.  However,  the  character  and 
position  of  the  anal  ring  are  sufficient  to  distinguish  it  at  once,  the  ring  of  crawii 
being  in  all  respects  of  normal  character. 


26  A    CONTRIBUTION    TO   THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 

Pseudococcus  gutierreziae  (Ckll.). 
Fig.  9. 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  Gutierrezia  sarothrae  between  Las 
Cruces  and  Organ,  N.  Mex. 

Material  examined.  From  Gutierrezia  sp.,  Deep  Springs  Valley, 
Inyo  County,  Cal.,  and  near  Sandy,  Utah,  the  latter  collected  by  Professor 
Doane. 

Habit.  Appearance  before  formation  of  ovisac  not  known ;  judg- 
ing from  the  morphology  of  the  insect  the  marginal  tassels  are  all  ex- 
tremely short,  with  the  caudal  pair  somewhat  longer  than  the  others. 
Ovisac  very  long  and  slender,  reaching  a  length  of  10  to  15  mm. 


Fig.  9. — Pseudococcus  gutierreziae   (Ckll.)  :     A,  left  half  of  the  cephalic  region ; 
B,  anal  lobe  and  penultimate  cerarii. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Length  (flattened  on  slide)  2  to 
2.25  mm.  With  not  more  than  ten  pairs  of  cerarii,  sometimes  with  less, 
there  being  some  variation  even  on  opposite  sides  of  the  same  specimen. 
The  arrangement  of  the  cerarii,  however,  appears  to  be  constant  in  regard 
to  certain  points,  there  being  none  on  the  head  anterior  to  the  ocular 
pair.  All  the  cerarian  spines  quite  small  and  slender,  those  of  the  anal 
lobe  cerarii  (Fig.  9B)  being  largest.  Ocular  pair  (Fig.  9A)  with  three 
to  four  very  small  spines,  remainder  with  but  two,  all  without  auxiliary 
setae  and  entirely  without  grouped  pores,  except  for  the  anal  lobe  pair 
in  which  there  are  two  or  three  small  setae  and  a  few  scattered  pores.  No 


THE    COCCIDAE   OF   SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES 


27 


chitinization  of  the  anal  lobes  either  dorsally  or  ventrally.  Dorsal  body 
setae  few,  small,  slender.  Tubular  ducts  very  abundant,  practically  all 
with  a  raised  rim  about  the  mouth,  those  of  the  cephalic  region  conspicu- 
ously larger  than  the  others.  Anal  ring  setae  about  one  and  a  half  times 
as  long  as  the  diameter  of  the  ring  and  about  equal  to  the  anal  lobe  setae. 
Anal  lobe  setae  each  accompanied  by  one  or  two  smaller  setae.  Anten- 
nae seven  to  eight-segmented. 

Notes:  Morphologically  this  species  is  extremely  close  to  P.  eriogoni 
(Ehrh.),  to  which  it  will  run  in  my  key  to  the  California  species  of  this  genus. 
The  latter  species,  however,  is  not  known  to  form  a  long  ovisac  and  the  two  are 
possibly  distinct.  Assuming  this  to  be  the  case  the  only  definite  character  that  I 
can  find  to  separate  the  two  is  found  in  the  fact  that  the  tubular  ducts  of 
gutierresiae  are  much  larger  in  the  cephalic  region  than  elsewhere,  which  appears 
not  to  be  the  case  in  eriogoni.  Also,  it  appears  that  a  much  larger  proportion  of 
the  ducts  have  a  raised  rim  about  the  mouth  in  gutierresiae  than  in  eriogoni, 
which  is  possibly  correlated  with  the  extreme  development  of  the  ovisac. 

The  description  given  here  is  based  upon  the  specimens  from  Utah.  The 
determination  is  based  upon  general  resemblance  and  community  of  hosts. 

Pseudococcus  irishi  (Ckll.). 
Fig.  10. 

1900.    Dactylopius  irishi  Ckll.,  Can.  Ent.,  32:129. 

1902.  Erium  irishi  (Ckll.);  Ckll.,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (7)~  10:466. 

1903.  Erium  irishi  (Ckll.)  ;  Fernald,  Catalogue  Coccidae,  p.  113. 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  Covillea  glutinosa,  on  the  butte  at 
Tempe,  Ariz. 

Material  examined.  From  Covillea  glutinosa,  on  the  butte  at  Tempe 
and  at  Tucson,  Ariz.,  and  at  Gruendyke's  Well,  between  Mecca  and 
Blythe,  Cal. 


Fig.  10.— Pseudococcus  irishi   (Ckll.):     A,  left  half  of  cephalic  region;   B,  anal 
lobe  and  penultimate  cerarii. 


28  A    CONTRIBUTION    TO   THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 

Habit.  Before  reaching  maturity  the  insect  bears  short,  slender 
marginal  tassels;  at  maturity  a  rather  broad,  closely  felted  white  ovisac 
4  to  5  mm.  long  is  formed,  the  insect  lying  at  one  end  of  this  and  nearly 
enveloped  by  it.  The  specimens  found  at  Tempe,  Ariz.,  however,  were 
all  concealed  in  the  interstices  of  a  leafy  gall  which  occurs  quite  frequently 
on  Covillea,  and  the  ovisac  was  not  apparent. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Length  (flattened  on  slide)  2.5  mm. 
Adult  female  with  sixteen  pairs  of  cerarii,  these  for  the  most  part  with 
but  two  spines,  the  first  three  to  four  pairs,  however,  having  three  to  four 
spines,  all  without  auxiliary  setae  and  with  a  very  small  cluster  of  pores. 
Cerarian  spines  conical,  stout,  those  of  the  anal  lobe  pair  largest,  the 
others  but  little  smaller.  Anal  lobes  without  chitinization  either  dorsally 
or  ventrally.  Dorsal  body  setae  all  small,  slender,  few.  Tubular  ducts 
abundant,  all  of  the  same  size  and  apparently  all  with  a  raised  rim  about 
the  mouth.  Anal  ring  setae  scarcely  longer  than  the  diameter  of  the 
ring  (which  is  rather  small  and  relatively  simple)  and  about  half  as  long 
as  the  anal  lobe  setae.  Antennae  normally  eight-segmented. 

Notes:  In  my  key  to  the  California  species  of  this  genus  this  runs  to  P. 
sequoiae  (Coleman).  It  differs  from  this  species  in  having  all  the  cerarian  spines 
quite  large  and  stout  and  accompanied  by  a  small  but  definite  group  of  pores,  and 
in  having  tubular  ducts  with  a  raised  rim  about  the  mouth.  It  is  very  close  to  a 
species  that  I  take  to  be  P.  steelii  (Ckll.)  ;  the  differences  between  these  two  will 
be  discussed  in  connection  with  the  latter  species. 

This  is  certainly  not  congeneric  with  Erium  globosum,  being  in  all  respects 
inseparable  from  Pseudococcus. 

Pseudococcus  juniper!  Ehrh. 
Fig.  11. 

Type  host  and  locality.  Recorded  as  from  Juniperus  virginiana, 
Ashforks,  Ariz.  This  species  of  Juniperus  does  not  occur  in  Arizona, 
the  species  that  previously  passed  under  that  name  now  being  known  as 
/.  scopulorum. 


Fig.  11. — Pseudococcus  juniperi  Ehrh.:    anal  lobe  and  penultimate  cerarii. 


THE   COCCIDAE   OF   SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES  29 

Material  examined.  The  type  and  specimens  from  Juniperus  pachy- 
phloea,  a  few  miles  west  of  Datil,  N.  Mex. 

Habit.  Thinly  covered  with  powdery  secretion  except  for  two  nar- 
row, longitudinal  areas  which  are  bare ;  marginal  tassels  practically  lack- 
ing. Ehrhorn  states  that  the  egg-sac  is  small. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Length  (flattened  on  slide)  2  mm. 
Form  broadly  oval,  but  tapering  at  both  ends.  The  spines  of  the  cerarii 
are  extremely  small  and  tend  to  be  widely  separated,  making  it  difficult 
to  determine  the  number  of  pairs,  but  there  appear  to  be  normally  fifteen. 
In  none  of  the  cerarii  are  there  auxiliary  setae,  nor  is  there  any  grouping 
of  the  pores  about  the  cerarian  spines.  Anterior  two  to  three  cerarii  with 
four  to  five  spines,  remainder  with  two.  No  chitinization  of  the  anal 
lobes,  either  dorsally  or  ventrally.  Dorsal  body  setae  very  few,  extremely 
small,  slender.  Cylindrical  ducts  all  small,  without  a  raised  rim  about 
the  mouth,  not  concentrated  at  the  lateral  margins  of  the  abdominal  seg- 
ments. Anal  ring  setae  somewhat  longer  than  the  diameter  of  the  ring 
and  nearly  equaling  the  anal  lobe  setae.  Antennae  normally  eight- 
segmented. 

Notes:  This  is  very  similar  to  P.  sequoiae  (Coleman),  which  is  common 
on  Sequoia  and  various  species  of  Cupressus  in  California.  The  chief  differences 
are  in  the  widely  separated  cerarian  spines  of  juniperi  and  in  the  fact  that  the 
tubular  ducts  in  this  species  are  not  at  all  concentrated  at  the  lateral  margins  of 
the  abdominal  segments. 

Pseudococcus  prosopidis  (Ckll.). 
Fig.  12. 

Type  host  and  locality.     From  Prosopis  sp.  at  Mesilla  Park,  N.  Mex. 

Material  examined.  From  Prosopis  velutina  near  Tucson  and  near 
Benson,  Ariz. 

Habit.  Dorsum  almost  entirely  bare  of  secretion,  marginal  tassels 
very  short,  caudal  tassels  somewhat  longer.  At  maturity  a  somewhat 
pad-like  ovisac  is  formed. 


Fig.  12. — Pseudococcus  prosopidis  Ckll. :     anal  lobes,  left  half  dorsal,  right  half 

ventral. 


30  A    CONTRIBUTION    TO   THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 

Morphological  characteristics.  With  about  ten  recognizable  pairs 
of  cerarii,  the  number  varying  somewhat,  due  to  the  fact  that  the  spines 
of  the  cerarii  along  the  anterior  portion  of  the  abdomen  and  in  the  tho- 
racic region  are  so  small  and  tend  to  be  so  widely  separated  that  their 
identity  is  obscured.  There  appear  to  be  no  cerarii  on  the  head  anterior 
to  the  ocular  pair.  Ocular  pair  with  three  to  four  spines,  the  remainder 
with  but  two,  all  rather  small,  those  of  the  anal  lobe  cerarii  largest.  Anal 
lobe  cerarii  with  three  to  four  slender  setae  and  a  few  scattered  pores, 
remainder  without  auxiliary  setae  and  without  grouped  pores.  No  chit- 
inization  of  the  dorsal  side  of  the  anal  lobes,  but  the  ventral  side  with  a 
narrow,  chitinized  bar  extending  in  from  the  base  of  one  of  the  two  minor 
setae.  Dorsal  body  setae  few,  all  small  and  slender.  Tubular  ducts  con- 
fined to  the  ventral  side  of  the  body,  many  with  a  raised  rim  about  the 
mouth.  Anal  lobe  setae  about  one  and  a  half  times  as  long  as  the  diam- 
eter of  the  anal  ring  and  somewhat  shorter  than  the  anal  lobe  setae. 
Antennae  normally  eight-segmented. 

Notes:  In  my  key  to  the  California  species  of  this  genus  this  runs  to  P. 
eriogoni  (Ehrh.),  from  which  it  differs  most  constantly  in  the  absence  of  tubular 
ducts  on  the  dorsum.  From  other  species  of  the  same  group  it  differs  in  the 
presence  of  a  chitinized  bar  on  the  ventral  side  of  the  anal  lobes. 

This  determination  is  based  upon  general  resemblance  and  community  of 
host. 

Pseudococcus  lycii  n.  sp. 

Type  host  and  locality.     From  Lycium  sp.,  Cottonwood,  Ariz. 

Habit.  The  specimens  at  hand  are  not  in  such  condition  as  to  per- 
mit a  description  of  the  species  in  life.  Judging  from  its  morphology  the 
tassels  are  quite  distinct,  but  short  and  slender,  the  caudal  pair  not  longer 
than  the  others. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Length  (flattened  on  slide)  3.5  mm. 
Form  broadly  oval  or  nearly  circular.  Fifteen  or  sixteen  pairs  of  cerarii 
present,  each  (including  the  anal  lobe  pair)  with  but  two  spines,  a  small 
but  distinct  cluster  of  pores  and  no  auxiliary  setae.  Cerarian  spines 
all  of  practically  the  same  size,  rather  large,  stout,  conical,  with  the  tip 
slightly  flagellate.  No  chitinization  of  the  anal  lobes,  either  dorsally  or 
ventrally.  Dorsal  body  setae  few,  small,  lanceolate.  Tubular  ducts  con- 
fined to  the  venter,  numerous,  small  and  with  a  raised  rim  about  the 
mouth,  except  for  a  single  duct  on  each  anal  lobe  and  a  few  on  the  ven- 
tral side  of  the  thorax  which  are  much  larger  than  the  others  and  which 
do  not  have  a  rim  about  the  mouth.  Antennae  very  variable,  six  to  eight 
segmented.  Claw  with  a  distinct  tooth.  Anal  ring  setae  about  twice  as 
long  as  the  diameter  of  the  ring  and  much  longer  than  the  anal  lobe 
setae.  Anal  lobe  setae  accompanied  by  a  single  minor  seta. 

Notes:  This  is  a  rather  peculiar  species.  The  toothed  claw  is  in  general 
characteristic  of  the  genus  Phenacoccus,  yet  the  species  presents  none  of  the  other 


THE   COCCIDAE   OF   SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES  31 

characters  of  that  genus.  The  single  large  duct  on  the  ventral  side  of  each  anal 
lobe  and  the  other  ducts  of  this  type  on  the  ventral  side  of  the  thorax  are  quite 
distinctive  characters. 

The   material   upon    which   the   species   is   based   was   collected   by    Mr.    E 
Bethel  and  transmitted  to  me  by  Professor  Cockerell. 

Pseudococcus  steelii  (Ckll.  and  Towns.). 
Fig.  13. 

1894.  Bergrothia  steelii  Ckll.  and  Towns.,  Ent.  News,  5:263. 

1894.  Bergrothia  townsendi  var.  steelii  Ckll.  and  Towns. ;  Ckll.,  Ent.  News,  5 :282. 

1902.  Erium  steelii  (Ckll.  and  Towns.);  Ckll.,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (7),  10:466. 

1903.  Erium  steelii  (Ckll.  and  Towns.)  ;  Fernald,  Catalogue  Coccidae,  p.  113. 

Type  host  and  locality.     From  Covillea  glutinosa  (==  Larrea  mexi- 
cana),  Mesilla  Park,  N.  Mex. 


1 

Fig.  13. — 'Pseudococcus  steelii  (Ckll.  and  Towns.)  :   left  half  of  cephalic  region. 

Specimens  examined.  From  Covillea  glutinosa  on  the  mesa  near 
Mesilla  Park,  N.  Mex. 

In  all  respects  this  species  is  extremely  close  to  P.  irishi  (Ckll.),  dif- 
fering not  at  all  in  habit  and  differing  morphologically  only  in  having  a 
scattered  group  of  spines  on  the  head  in  the  position  of  the  first  pair  of 
cerarii.  Compare  Fig.  13  with  Fig.  10A. 

Genus  ERIUM  Maskell. 
Erium  lichtensioides  (Ckll.). 

1918.    Erium  lichtensioides  (Ckll.)  ;  Ferris,  Cal.  Species  Mealy  Bugs,  p.  75,  pi.  3, 

fig.   25. 

Specimens  examined.  From  Artemisia  sp.  at  Magdalena,  N.  Mex., 
and  in  Deep  Springs  Valley,  Inyo  County,  Cal. 

Genus  RIPERSIA  Sign. 

The  grass-infesting  mealy  bugs  are  a  most  puzzling  group.  Charac- 
terized in  general  by  a  reduction  in  the  number  of  pairs  of  cerarii  and  in 
the  number  of  antennal  segments,  it  is  possible  to  recognize  a  group  of 
species  having  much  in  common,  yet  difficult  to  define  this  group  in  any 


32 


A    CONTRIBUTION    TO   THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 


but  an  arbitrary  fashion.  I  have  elsewhere  pointed  out  that  the  genus 
Ripersia  as  usually  understood  is  a  most  heterogeneous  group  and  that 
our  knowledge  of  the  type  species  is  insufficient  to  permit  conclusions  as 
to  its  real  character.  I  now  have  at  hand  a  species  (herein  described  as 
Ripersia  hilariae  n.  sp.)  which  is  in  all  probability  congeneric  with  the 
type  of  this  genus.  If  we  compare  this  species  with  the  types  of  the 
genera  Pseudococcus  and  Trionymus  it  is  not  at  all  difficult  to  point  out 
wherein  it  is  generically  distinct.  Nevertheless  it  is  possible  to  form  an 
almost  complete  series  of  species  so  effectually  connecting  these  genera 
that  the  points  at  which  these  groups  are  to  be  separated  become  entirely 
a  matter  of  opinion.  Indeed,  the  series  can  be  extended  to  connect  in  an 
unbroken  chain  such  diverse  forms  as  typical  Phenacoccus  and  typical 
Ripersiella. 

For  the  present  I  accept  the  genus  Ripersia  as  composed  of  forms 
having  the  following  characteristics : 

Pseudococcine  forms  in  which  the  cerarii  are  apparently  entirely 
lacking  or  are  reduced  to  a  single  pair,  these  on  the  anal  lobes  and  with 
the  cerarian  spines  setiform ;  with  the  anal  ring  tending  to  be  simple  and 
at  some  distance  from  the  posterior  margin  of  the  abdomen;  with  the 
antennae  normally  six  to  seven-segmented. 

Ripersia  hilariae  n.  sp. 

Fig.  14. 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  a  perennial  grass,  probably  Hilaria 
cenchroides,  on  the  Jornada  del  Muerto,  fifty-one  miles  north  of  Las  Cru- 
ces,  N.  Mex. 

Habit.  Occurring  beneath  the  sheathing  bases  of  the  leaves,  sur- 
rounded by  a  small  amount  of  secretion. 


Fig.  14. — Ripersia  hilariae  n.  sp. :  posterior  portion  of  the  abdomen,  left  half  dorsal, 
right  half  ventral. 


THE    COCCIDAE   OF   SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES  33 

Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  (flattened  on  slide)  2 
to  2.25  mm.  long;  slightly  pyriform,  the  anterior  end  pointed,  the  pos- 
terior end  broadly  rounded.  Cerarii  apparently  entirely  lacking,  the  anal 
lobe  area  bearing  merely  a  few  widely  separated  setae  which  are  hardly 
or  not  at  all  separable  from  the  body  setae.  Dorsum  almost  bare  except 
for  a  few  very  small  setae  on  the  head  and  several  rather  large  setae  near 
the  lateral  margins  of  the  last  two  abdominal  segments.  Venter  also 
bare  except  for  setae  on  the  last  two  segments.  Triangular  pores  and 
tubular  ducts  few,  the  latter  all  small  and  without  a  raised  rim  about  the 
mouth.  Venter  with  relatively  few  multilocular  pores ;  dorsum  of  the 
abdomen  with  a  few  pores  of  this  type.  Anal  ring  on  the  dorsum  at 
some  distance  from  the  posterior  end  of  the  abdomen,  rather  small  and 
consisting  of  a  simple,  non-cellular  ring.  Anal  ring  setae  scarcely  as 
long  as  the  diameter  of  the  ring  and  about  one-fourth  as  long  as  the  anal 
lobe  setae.  Legs  quite  short.  Antennae  six-segmented. 

Notes:  It  is  not  impossible  that  this  is  R.  sporoboli  Ckll.  However,  I  am 
here  describing  a  species  that  I  place  tentatively  as  sporoboli  and  if  my  determina- 
tion of  the  latter  be  correct  the  two  are  distinct. 

Ripersia  sporoboli  Ckll.  ? 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  Sporobolus  depauperatus,  Arroyo 
Pecos,  Las  Vegas,  N.  Mex. 

Material  examined.  From  Sporobolus  aeroides,  Farmington,  N. 
Mex. 

Habit.     On  leaves  and  stems,  enveloped  in  white  secretion. 

Morphological  characteristics.  In  general  closely  resembling  the 
preceding,  but  with  the  anal  lobe  cerarii  present,  containing  two  setiform 
spines  which  are  set  close  together.  Anal  ring  simple,  apparently. inter- 
rupted anteriorly.  Antennae  seven-segmented. 

Notes :  This  is  possibly  not  R.  sporoboli.  The  determination  is  based  en- 
tirely upon  hosts  and  the  specimens  at  hand  have  seven-segmented  antennae,  while 
according  to  the  original  description  the  antennae  are  six-segmented. 

The  material  at  hand  was  collected  by  Mr.  E.  Bethel  and  transmitted  to  me 
by  Professor  Cockerell. 

Genus  CRYPTORIPERSIA  Ckll. 
1918.    Ferris,  Cal.  Species  Mealy  Bugs,  pp.  73-4. 

This  genus  differs  materially  from  the  genus  Ripersia  (as  denned 
above)  only  in  having  the  anal  ring  distinctly  cellular.  The  possession 
of  a  complete  sac  is  hardly  to  be  regarded  as  a  generic  character,  being 
due  merely  to  an  increase  in  the  number  of  tubular  ducts. 


34  A    CONTRIBUTION    TO   THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 

Cryptoripersia  arizonensis  (Ehrh.). 

1899.    Ripersia  arizonensis  Ehrhorn,  Can.  Ent.,  31 :5. 
1911.    Eriococcus  salinus  Ehrhorn,  Can.  Ent.,  43:276. 

1918.     Cryptoripersia   salinus    (Ehrh.)  ;    Ferris,    Cal.    Species    Mealy    Bugs,    p.    74, 
pi.  3,  fig.  30. 

Through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Ehrhorn  I  have  been  enabled  to  ex- 
amine the  type  slides  of  both  Ripersia  arizonensis  and  Eriococcus  salinus. 
The  two  are  certainly  identical.  I  may  record  the  species  from  the  roots 
of  Elymus  sp.  at  Fort  Tejon,  Cal. 


Genus  ACLERDA  Sign. 

Aclerda  ariditatis  n.  sp. 

Fig.  15. 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  a  perennial  grass,  probably  HUaria 
cenchroides,  on  the  Jornada  del  Muerto,  fifty-one  miles  north  of  Las  Cru- 
ces,  N.  Mex. 

Habit.  Occurring  chiefly  at  the  nodes  of  the  stems,  beneath  the 
sheathing  bases  of  the  leaves.  Surrounded  by  a  small  amount  of  secre- 
tion. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Length  of  adult  female  2  mm.  Form 
elongate,  nearly  parallel-sided,  sometimes  somewhat  irregular.  Derm 
membranous  except  for  the  posteriof  portion  of  the  abdomen,  which  is 
heavily  chitinized  and  presents  a  wrinkled  appearance.  Margin  of  the 
body,  except  for  this  chitinized  portion,  beset  with  small,  tubercle-like 
spines  (Fig.  15C),  which  are  arranged  in  a  single  or  irregularly  double 
row  (Fig.  15H),  their  distance  apart  depending  upon  the  age  of  the 
insect  and  the  consequent  expansion  of  the  derm,  these  spines  rounded  at 
the  tip,  not  pointed  or  "spearhead-shaped."  Mingled  with  these  spines 
are  a  few  large  tubular  ducts  of  the  type  shown  in  Fig.  15G  and  slightly 
back  from  the  margin  is  a  row  of  such  ducts  (Fig.  15H)  accompanied  by 
others  of  a  much  smaller  size.  On  the  chitinized  portion  of  the  abdomen 
the  large  ducts  are  very  abundant  and  are  irregularly  distributed.  Anal 
plate  (Fig.  15F)  entire,  bearing  several  long  setae.  Ventral  side  of  the 
abdomen  with  a  median  furrow,  which  is  continuous  with  the  anal  cleft, 
and  with  the  derm  somewhat  less  wrinkled  than  on  the  dorsum. 

First  stage  (Fig.  ISA,  E)  of  the  type  common  to  the  genus. 

Second  stage  ?  Without  appendages.  Posterior  end  of  the  abdomen 
(Fig.  15D)  chitinized,  marked  with  numerous  wrinkles  which  are  more 
or  less  perpendicular  to  the  margin.  Anal  cleft  shallow,  continuous  with 
a  shallow  furrow  on  both  dorsum  and  venter.  Anal  opening  at  some 


THE    COCCIDAE   OF   SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES 


35 


distance  from  the  margin,  very  small  and  without  setae ;  anal  plate  like- 
wise small,  without  setae.  Margin  of  the  body  destitute  of  spines  except 
along  the  cephalic  region  and  the  chitinized  portion  of  the  abdomen. 


Fig.  IS.—Aclerda  ariditatis  n.  sp. :  A,  first  stage  larva;  B,  posterior  portion  of 
abdomen  of  adult,  left  half  dorsal,  right  half  ventral;  C,  marginal  spine; 
D,  second  (?)  stage,  dorsal  aspect  of  posterior  portion  of  abdomen;  E,  first 
stage,  posterior  portion  of  abdomen,  left  half  dorsal,  right  half  ventral;  F, 
anal  plate  and  tip  of  abdomen  of  adult,  left  half  dorsal,  right  half  ventral ;  G, 
tubular  duct;  H,  marginal  and  submarginal  spines  and  pores  of  adult. 


36  A    CONTRIBUTION    TO   THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 

Third  stage  ?  Differing  from  the  preceding  in  having  the  anal  cleft 
deeper  (much  as  in  adult)  and  in  having  spines  along  a  portion  of  the 
margin  anterior  to  the  chitinized  portion  of  the  abdomen. 

Fourth  stage  ?  Differing  from  the  preceding  chiefly  in  having  a 
double  or  even  triple  row  of  spines  along  the  entire  margin  of  the  body 
anterior  to  the  chitinized  portion  of  the  abdomen. 

Notes:  This  differs  from  A.  calif  arnica  (Ehrh.)  in  numerous  details,  but 
most  conspicuously  in  having  the  marginal  spines  rounded  at  the  tip  and  not  acorn 
or  "spearhead-shaped"  and  in  the  wrinkled  appearance  of  the  chitinized  portion  of 
the  abdomen.  Through  the  kindness  of  Professor  G.  A.  Dean  of  the  Kansas  State 
Agricultural  College  I  have  been  enabled  to  examine  a  slide  of  A.  obscura  (Par- 
rott),  which  appears  to  differ  from  A.  ariditatis  in  the  entire  absence  of  marginal 
spines.  This  is  the  third  species  of  this  genus  to  be  described  from  North  America. 

Genus  PULVINARIA  Targ. 

Pulvinaria  bigeloviae  Ckll. 

Fig.  16. 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  Chrysothamnus  (=  Bigelovia)  sp., 
West  Cliff,  Colo. 

Material  examined.  From  Chrysothamnus  sp.,  between  Datil  and 
Quemada,  N.  Mex. 

Habit.  Forming  a  white,  rather  irregular  and  somewhat  fluted, 
slender  ovisac,  5  to  10  mm.  long ;  ovisac  not  covering  the  dorsum ;  insect 
much  shriveled  when  dry. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Length  (flattened  on  slide)  3  to  4 
mm.  Form  broadly  oval.  Derm  membranous  throughout,  not  pig- 
mented.  Stigmatic  depressions  almost  or  quite  obsolete,  and  without 
differentiated  spines,  their  position  indicated  merely  by  the  pores  of  the 
stigmatic  furrows.  Marginal  spines  (Fig.  16C)  small  and  slender, 
arranged  in  an  irregular  series.  Anal  cleft  of  ordinary  depth.  Anal 
plates  (Fig.  16F)  presenting  no  unusual  characters;  with  four  apical 
setae,  which  are  close  to  the  tip,  two  subapical  setae  and  two  fringe  setae 
on  each  side,  the  outer  of  each  pair  the  larger.  Antennae  (Fig  16E) 
normally  eight-segmented.  Legs  well  developed,  the  tarsus  (Fig.  16B) 
curved,  slightly  shorter  and  somewhat  narrower  than  the  tibia.  Digi- 
tules  of  the  claw  slender,  but  little  expanded  at  the  tip. 

First  stage  larva  (Fig.  16D)  without  stigmatic  spines;  marginal 
spines  few,  extremely  minute;  antennae  (Fig.  16A)  rather  stout. 

Notes :  In  the  absence  of  differentiated  stigmatic  spines  in  both  larva  and 
adult  this  species  departs  from  the  usual  characters  of  Pulvinaria. 


THE   COCCIDAE   OF   SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES 


37 


Fig.  16. — Pulvinaria  bigeloviae  Ckll. :  A,  antenna  of  first  stage  larva;  B,  foot  of 
adult;  C,  marginal  spines  of  adult  in  region  of  stigmatic  depression;  D, 
first  stage  larva;  E,  antenna  of  adult;  F,  anal  plates,  left  half  dorsal,  right 
half  ventral. 


38  A    CONTRIBUTION    TO    THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 

Genus  LICHTENSIA  Sign. 

Lichtensia  lycii  Ckll. 

Fig.  17. 

Type  host  and  locality.     From  Lycium  sp.,  Mesilla  Park,  N.  Mex. 

Material  examined.     From  Lycium  sp.,  Springerville,  N.  Mex. 

Habit.  Adult  female  forming  a  large,  almost  spherical  ovisac,  which 
covers  the  posterior  portion  of  the  abdomen.  The  surface  of  the  ovisac 
presents  a  glazed  appearance. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Length  (flattened  on  slide)  4  to  5  mm. 
Form  almost  circular.  Derm  membranous  throughout.  Stigmatic  depres- 
sions nearly  or  quite  obsolete,  their  position  marked  by  the  pores  of  the 
stigmatic  furrow  and  by  a  single  spine  which  is  longer  than  the  other 


Fig.  17. — Lichtensia  lycii  Ckll.:  A,  antenna  of  adult  female;  B,  foot  of  adult 
female;  C,  anal  plates,  left  half  dorsal,  right  half  ventral;  D,  stigmatic  and 
marginal  spines  of  first  stage;  E,  stigmatic  and  marginal  spines  of  adult. 


THE   COCCIDAE   OF   SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES  39 

marginal  spines  (Fig.  17E).  Marginal  spines  rather  large,  quite  close 
together  and  set  in  a  definite,  single  row.  Anal  cleft  rather  short.  Anal 
plates  (Fig.  17C)  of  ordinary  character,  each  with  three  apical  setae,  two 
subapical  setae  and  with  a  single  small  fringe  seta  on  each  side.  Anten- 
nae (Fig.  17A)  long  and  slender,  eight-segmented.  Legs  well  devel- 
oped, tarsus  straight,  nearly  as  wide  as  the  tibia;  digitules  of  the  claw 
but  little  expanded  at  the  tip  (Fig.  17B). 

First  stage  larva  with  a  single  large  marginal  spine  in  each  stig- 
matic  cleft  and  with  very  small,  slender  marginal  spines  (Fig.  17D). 

Notes :  This  determination  is  based  entirely  upon  general  resemblance  and 
community  of  host.  No  other  species  of  this  genus  are  available  for  comparison. 

Genus  PHILEPHEDRA  Ckll. 

The  original  description  of  this  genus  mentions  few  or  no  characters 
of  generic  value.  The  type  of  the  genus,  P.  ephedrae  (Ckll.),  has  the 
appearance  of  a  much  elongate  Pulvinaria  and  departs  structurally  from 
the  type  of  the  latter  genus  only  in  the  entire  absence  of  differentiated 
stigmatic  spines,  differing  in  this  respect,  however,  no  more  than  does 
P.  bigeloviae.  Unfortunately  no  first  stage  larvae  of  P.  ephedrae  are 
available  and  a  comparison  of  this  stage  cannot  be  made.  The  species 
described  by  Green  as  Philephedra  theobromae  has  distinct  stigmatic  de- 
pressions, but  the  stigmatic  spines  appear  to  be  but  little  differentiated. 
Whether  it  is  truly  congeneric  with  P.  ephedrae  remains  to  be  seen. 
Green  has  suggested  that  it  might  possibly  be  the  same  species,  but  this 
unquestionably  is  not  the  case. 

Philephedra  ephedrae  (Ckll.). 
Fig.  18. 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  Ephedra  sp.,  near  Mesilla  Park,  N. 
Hex. 

Material  examined.  From  Ephedra  sp.,  near  Lancaster,  Los  An- 
geles County,  Cal. 

Habit.  Before  the  formation  of  the  ovisac  the  insect  is  quite  flat 
and  of  a  mottled  pinkish  and  greenish  color.  At  maturity  it  forms  a 
smooth,  white  ovisac,  10  to  20  mm.  long,  of  firm  texture,  not  at  all  cov- 
ering the  dorsum.  Cockerell  speaks  of  the  presence  of  some  white  secre- 
tion on  the  dorsum,  but  this  is  not  present  in  any  of  my  specimens. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Length  (flattened  on  slide)  7  to  8 
mm.  Width  2  to  2.5  mm.  Derm  membranous  throughout.  Stigmatic  de- 


40 


A    CONTRIBUTION    TO   THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 


pressions  nearly  or  quite  obsolete,  their  position  indicated  merely  by  the 
pores  of  the  stigmatic  furrows.  Marginal  spines  (Fig.  18D)  quite  large 
and  stout  but  sharply  pointed,  set  quite  close  together  and  arranged  in  a 
very  definite,  single  row.  Anal  cleft  of  ordinary  depth.  Anal  plates  (Fig. 


Fig.  18.—Philephedra  ephedrae  (Ckll.)  :  A,  antenna  of  adult  female;  B,  anal 
plates,  left  half  dorsal,  right  half  ventral;  C,  foot  of  adult;  D,  marginal 
spines  in  region  of  stigmatic  depression. 


18B)  of  ordinary  form,  each  with  four  apical  setae,  three  subapical  setae 
and  with  a  single  long  fringe  seta  on  each  side.  Antennae  (Fig.  ISA) 
long  and  slender,  eight-segmented.  Legs  well  developed,  the  tarsus  (Fig. 
18C)  somewhat  curved  and  slightly  narrower  than  the  tibia.  Digitules 
of  the  claw  slender,  not  greatly  expanded  at  the  tip. 

Notes:  This  determination  is  based  upon  general  resemblance  and  com- 
munity of  host.  Unfortunately  none  of  the  eggs  contained  in  the  ovisacs  hatched 
and  the  first  stage  larva  cannot  be  described. 


THE   COCCIDAE   OF   SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES  41 

Genus  CEROPLASTES  Gray. 

Ceroplastes  irregularis  Ckll. 

Fig.  19. 

Type  host  and  locality.  On  Sarcobatus  (?)  six  miles  north  of  Mon- 
tezuma  railroad  station,  Chihuahua,  Mexico.  Recorded  from  various 
species  of  Atriplex  throughout  the  southwest. 

Material  examined.  From  Atriplex  sp.,  near  Las  Cruces  and 
Springerville,  N.  Mex. ;  Barstow  and  Lone  Pine,  Cal. ;  from  Eurotia  lan- 
atum  near  Atolia,  Cal. ;  from  Atriplex  confertifolia  near  Lancaster,  Cal. 

Habit.  The  specimens  from  Las  Cruces  and  Springerville,  N.  Mex. 
(part  of  those  from  the  former  locality  having  been  determined  by  Pro- 
fessor Cockerell  as  this  species),  are  nearly  hemispherical  in  form,  4  to 
5  mm.  high  and  as  many  broad  at  the  base,  of  a  dark  brown  ground- 
color variously  mottled  with  white. 


B 


Fig.  19.— Ceroplastes  irregularis  Ckll.:  A,  antenna  of  adult  female;  B,  spines  of 
stigmatic  depression;  C,  foot  of  adult;  D,  anal  plates,  left  half  dorsal,  right 
half  ventral. 


42*  A    CONTRIBUTION    TO    THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 

The  specimens  from  A  triplex  near  Bar  stow  and  Eurotia  near  Atolia, 
Cal.,  are  scarcely  more  than  2  mm.  high  and  are  of  a  uniform  dark  brown 
color  except  for  the  apex,  which  is  black.  The  secretion  appears  to  be 
very  thin. 

The  specimens  from  Atriplex  near  Lone  Pine,  Cal.,  are  slightly  larger 
than  the  preceding,  are  very  irregular  in  form  and  have  the  groundcolor 
white,  with  brown  or  black  markings  about  the  base  and  at  the  apex. 

The  specimens  from  Atriplex  confertifolia  at  Lancaster,  Cal.,  are 
of  about  the  form  and  shape  of  the  New  Mexico  specimens,  but  are  con- 
siderably smaller  and  vary  from  gray  to  brown  in  color. 

Morphological  characteristics.  As  far  as  may  be  determined  from 
the  material  at  hand  all  the  above  lots  of  specimens  agree  morpholog- 
ically. The  description  is  drawn  from  specimens  from  Las  Cruces, 
N.  Mex.,  which  agree  in  all  respects  with  specimens  from  the  same  local- 
ity determined  by  Professor  Cockerell  as  this  species. 

At  maturity  the  insect  is  very  convex  and  the  derm  is  heavily  chitin- 
ized  throughout.  The  anal  plates  are  borne  at  the  apex  of  a  low  pro- 
jection. Posterior  pair  of  stigmatic  depressions  entirely  lacking,  their 
presence  not  indicated  in  any  manner.  Anterior  stigmatic  depressions 
(Fig.  19B)  shallow,  beset  with  many  short,  tubercle-like  spines,  of  which 
three  are  somewhat  larger  than  the  others.  Extending  from  each  de- 
pression to  the  corresponding  spiracle  is  a  broad  belt  of  pores.  Mar- 
ginal spines  lacking.  Anal  plates  (Fig.  19D)  borne  at  the  apex  of  a 
low  prominence,  more  or  less  circular  in  outline,  each  with  three  apical 
setae,  a  single  subapical  seta  and  three  very  small  fringe  setae  on  each 
side.  (The  statement  as  to  the  setae  of  the  anal  plates  is  very  liable  to 
error,  due  to  the  heavy  chitinization  of  this  region.)  Derm,  before  be- 
coming chitinized,  with  large  numbers  of  small  pores  with  heavily  chi- 
tinized  rims.  Antennae  (Fig.  19A)  quite  long  and  slender,  seven-seg- 
mented. Legs  large;  tarsus  at  base  nearly  as  wide  as  the  tibia,  slightly 
curved  (Fig.  19C)  ;  digitules  of  the  claw  slender,  but  little  expanded  at 
the  tip. 

Notes:  Although  all  the  material  examined  appears  to  agree  as  far  as  mor- 
phological characters  are  concerned  there  is  a  very  wide  divergence  in  habit,  as  is 
indicated  above.  Whether  we  are  dealing  with  at  least  three  distinct  species  or 
whether  these  are  all  forms  of  a  single  species  can  only  be  determined  by  an  ex- 
amination of  a  much  larger  series  of  collections. 


THE   COCCIDAE   OF   SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES 


43 


Genus  CEROPLASTODES  Ckll. 
Ceroplastodes  acaciae  Ckll. 

Fig.  20. 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  Acacia  paucispina  (=A.  constricta 
of  Ckll).,  Tucson,  Ariz. 

Material  examined.    From  the  type  host  and  locality. 

Habit.  Covered  by  a  test  of  pure  white  secretion,  which  bears  nu- 
merous irregular  nodules.  Insect  free  within  the  test,  shrinking  to  one 
end  after  oviposition. 


Fig.  20. — Ceroplastodes  acaciae  Ckll. :  A,  antenna  of  adult  female;  B,  antenna  of 
first  stage;  C,  anal  plates  of  adult,  left  half  dorsal,  right  half  ventral;  D, 
marginal  spines  of  adult. 


A    CONTRIBUTION    TO   THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 

Morphological  characteristics.  Derm  of  the  dorsum  membranous, 
that  of  the  venter  more  or  less  chitinized.  In  shrinking  during  the  course 
of  oviposition  the  body  seems  to  fold  but  once,  this  fold  occurring  along 
a  transverse  line  just  in  front  of  the  middle  pair  of  legs,  the  posterior 
portion  of  the  body  turning  up  at  right  angles  to  the  anterior  portion. 
Stigmatic  depressions  obsolete,  their  position  indicated  merely  by  a  nar- 
row belt  of  pores  marking  each  stigmatic  furrow.  Marginal  spines 
(Fig.  20D)  small,  sharply  pointed,  swollen  at  the  base,  arranged  in  a 
single,  definite  row.  Anal  plates  (Fig.  20C)  rather  irregular  in  form, 
each  with  two  stout  spines  and  three  slender  setae  and  with  two  small 
fringe  setae  on  each  side.  Antennae  (Fig.  20A)  seven-segmented, 
rather  stout.  Legs  well  developed;  digitules  of  the  claw  not  greatly  ex- 
panded at  the  tip. 

First  stage  larva  without  differentiated  stigmatic  spines;  marginal 
spines  of  same  type  as  in  adult;  antennae  rather  stout,  the  third  joint 
unusually  long  (Fig.  20B). 

Notes:  The  only  other  species  of  this  genus  available  for  comparison  is 
C.  cajani  (Maskell).  The  two  differ  very  markedly,  especially  in  the  fact  that 
C.  cajani  possesses  a  single  very  long  spine  at  each  stigmatic  cleft. 

Genus  TOUMEYELLA  Ckll. 

Toumeyella  mirabilis  Ckll. 

Fig.  21. 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  Prosopis  velutina  (=  P.  juliflora  var. 
glandulosa  of  Ckll.),  Tucson,  Ariz. 

Material  examined.     From  type  host  and  locality. 

Habit.  A  large  species,  5  to  8  mm.  long,  rather  high  convex,  roughly 
circular  in  outline  but  usually  more  or  less  irregular  from  crowding  on 
the  twigs.  Groundcolor  brown,  but  the  dorsum  with  more  or  less  irreg- 
ular rows  of  white  areas  (the  "conspicuous  irregular  rings  of  snow- 
white,  waxy  secretion"  of  Cockerell),  each  of  which  surrounds  a  central 
depression  in  which  the  derm  is  nearly  black. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Derm  at  maturity  becoming  quite 
heavily  chitinized  and  deeply  pigmented.  The  description  here  given  is 
based  upon  specimens  taken  before  this  chitinization  of  the  derm  had 
progressed  so  far  as  to  render  study  too  difficult.  Stigmatic  depressions 
shallow  or  nearly  obsolete,  connected  with  the  corresponding  spiracles 
by  a  broad  belt  of  pores.  Stigmatic  spines  practically  of  same  size  and 
shape  as  the  marginal  spines  (Fig.  21C),  noticeable  only  because  of 
their  grouped  position.  Anal  cleft  of  ordinary  depth,  the  edges  not 


THE    COCCIDAE   OF   SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES 


45 


fused.  Anal  plates  (Fig.  21D)  quite  large,  the  cephalolateral  margin 
slightly  longer  than  the  caudolateral  margin,  each  plate  with  a  large  num- 
ber of  apical  and  discal  setae  and  with  three  subapical  setae.  Hypopygial 
setae  numerous.  Derm  of  the  dorsum  with  many  large  pores  (Fig.  21B) 
which  seem  to  consist  of  a  heavily  chitinized  ring  surrounding  a  less 
chitinized  area,  these  pores  occurring  over  the  greater  part  of  the  pos- 
terior half  of  the  dorsum  anterior  to  the  anal  plates.  In  specimens  in 


Fig.  21  — Toumeyella  mirabilis  Ckll.:  A,  first  stage  larva;  B,  dermal  pore;  C, 
marginal  spines  of  region  of  stigmatic  depression;  D,  anal  plates,  left  half 
dorsal,  right  half  ventral;  E,  leg  of  adult;  F,  antenna  of  adult. 


46  A    CONTRIBUTION    TO   THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 

which  the  derm  is  still  membranous  there  is  nothing  that  appears  to  cor- 
respond with  the  white  areas  seen  in  adult  specimens,  but  in  specimens 
where  the  derm  is  heavily  chitinized  these  areas  are  seen  to  consist  of  a 
non-pigmented  region  which  surrounds  a  point  of  extra  heavy  chitiniza- 
tion.  Antennae  (Fig.  21 F)  very  short  and  stout,  five  to  six-seg- 
mented. Legs  likewise  very  short  and  stout  but  with  all  the  parts  recog- 
nizable. 

First  stage  larva  (Fig.  21  A)  with  two  very  small,  stout  spines  and 
a  single  very  long  spine  in  each  stigmatic  depression,  the  long  spine 
attaining  nearly  one-fourth  the  width  of  the  body.  Marginal  spines  quite 
large,  slender.  Anal  plates  slightly  reticulated. 

Notes :  The  original  description  is  in  error  in  the  statement  regarding  the 
white  areas  on  the  dorsum,  as  has  already  been  pointed  out.  It  is  further  in  error 
in  the  statement  that  the  legs  are  lacking. 

Genus  PROTODIASPIS  Ckll. 

The  original  description  of  this  genus  is  by  no  means  as  definite  as 
might  be  desired  and  it  is  not  at  all  certain  that  all  the  species  now 
referred  here  are  congeneric  with  the  type.  I  am  here  naming  two  new 
species  which  I  am  referring  for  the  present  to  this  genus.  Although  it 
remains  to  be  seen  whether  these  are  congeneric  with  P.  paruula,  there  is, 
I  think,  but  little  room  for  question  that  they  are  strictly  congeneric  with 
P.  anomala  Green,  an  Australian  species.  It  is  an  interesting  point  that 
the  latter  species  is  from  a  species  of  Acacia  and  that  one  of  the  new 
species  is  likewise  from  an  Acacia  and  the  other  from  a  related  genus, 
Prosopis. 

Inasmuch  as  both  the  species  here  described  were  found  only  by  the 
purest  accident,  being  hidden  away  in  cracks  in  the  bark  with  nothing 
whatsoever  to  betray  their  presence,  one  can  not  but  wonder  how  many 
more  of  these  tiny  species  still  remain  to  be  discovered. 

Protodiaspis  tridentata  n.  sp. 
Fig.  22. 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  Prosopis  velutina,  five  miles  east  of 
Benson,  Ariz. 

Habit.  Found  in  crevices  in  the  bark,  its  presence  indicated  only  by 
a  roughening  of  the  bark  for  which  the  insect  is  perhaps  responsible. 
No  scale  secreted,  but  there  is  a  small  amount  of  cottony  matter.  Adult 
female  contained  within  the  derm  of  the  preceding  stage,  which  is  heavily 
chitinized  and  black  in  color.  Larval  exuvium  lying  at  one  side,  likewise 
black.  Scale  of  male  not  observed. 


THE   COCCIDAE   OF   SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES 


47 


Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  about  .5  mm.  long,  en- 
tirely enclosed  by  the  second  exuvium,  which  is  heavily  chitinized  both 
dorsally  and  ventrally.  Derm  of  the  adult  entirely  membranous  except  for 
the  posterior  end  of  the  body,  which  is  heavily  chitinized  (Fig.  22A). 
From  the  dorsal  aspect  the  pygidium  (Fig.  22D)  appears  to  be  composed 


Fig.  22. — Protodiaspis  tridentata  n.  sp. :  A,  adult  female ;  B,  pygidium  of  early 
second  stage;  C,  posterior  end  of  first  stage;  D,  pygidium  of  adult;  E, 
antenna  of  first  stage;  F,  early  second  stage  female. 


of  three  segments,  the  first  two  together  occupying  about  half  of  its 
length.  First  segment  less  heavily  chitinized  than  the  others  and  bearing 
the  anal  opening.  Third  segment  deeply  divided  into  three  lobes,  the 
middle  lobe  rounded  at  the  tip,  the  others  pointed.  Middle  lobe  with  a 
single  small  spine  on  each  side  near  the  tip.  On  the  ventral  side  the  chi- 
tinization  appears  to  extend  forward  only  to  the  posterior  margin  of  the 
first  dorsal  segment.  The  vaginal  opening  is  considerably  anterior  to  this 


48  A    CONTRIBUTION    TO   THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 

and  thus  has  the  appearance  of  being  anterior  to  the  pygidium.  No  pores 
or  ducts  of  any  sort  are  apparent  either  dorsally  or  ventrally. 

In  the  very  late  second  stage  the  derm  becomes  heavily  chitinized 
and  suffused  with  a  black  pigment.  Apparently  the  derm  dehisces  around 
the  posterior  margin  of  the  pygidium  to  permit  the  escape  of  the  larvae. 
At  an  earlier  period  (Fig.  22F)  the  derm  is  membranous  except  for  the 
pygidium,  which  is  similar  in  form  to  the  usual  Diaspine  type  but  entirely 
without  lobes  or  plates  (Fig.  22B),  pointed  and  with  the  tip  slightly 
emarginate.  Anal  ring  borne  about  the  center  of  the  dorsal  side  of  the 
pygidium.  On  both  dorsal  and  ventral  sides  there  are  a  number  of  small 
points  which  may  be  either  pores  or  the  points  of  insertion  of  small  spines. 

First  stage.  Derm  heavily  chitinized  at  the  end  of  this  period. 
Early  first  stage  resembling  that  of  other  Diaspinae,  but  without  lobes  at 
the  posterior  end  of  the  body  (Fig.  22C).  Antennae  (Fig.  22E)  six- 
segmented,  last  segment  not  annulate. 

Protodiaspis  edentata  n.  sp. 
Fig.  23. 

Type  host  and  locality.     From  Acacia  greggii,  near  Vail,  Ariz. 
Habit.     In   all   respects   resembling  the   preceding.     Male   not   ob- 
served. 


Fig.  23. — Protodiaspis  edentata  n.  sp. :  pygidium  of  adult  female. 

Morphological  characteristics.  Adult  female  with  the  pygidium 
quite  smoothly  rounded,  bearing  four  small  spines  along  its  margin.  On 
the  dorsal  side  the  anterior  portion  appears  to  be  somewhat  elevated 
above  the  remainder  and  separated  from  the  remainder  by  a  curving  line. 
Anterior  to  this  line  the  derm  is  rather  weakly  chitinized.  On  the  ven- 
tral side  the  pygidium  appears  not  to  be  sharply  separated  from  the 
abdomen. 


THE   COCCIDAE   OF   SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES 


49 


In  all  the  available  individuals  of  the  second  stage  the  derm  had  be- 
come heavily  chitinized,  rendering  them  difficult  to  study.  As  far  as 
may  be  ascertained  the  pygidium  in  this  stage  differs  but  little  from  that 
of  the  adult. 

First  stage  as  in  P.  tridentata. 

Notes:  It  is  this  species  that  most  closely  resembles  P.  anomala  Green. 
Were  it  not  for  its  discovery  P.  tridentata  might  well  have  been  made  the  type 
of  a  new  genus. 

Genus  DIASPIS  Costa. 

"Diaspis"  arizonica  Ckll. 

Fig.  24. 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  Prosopis  velutina,  several  miles  west 
of  Phoenix,  Ariz. 

Material  examined.     From  type  host  at  Tucson,  Ariz. 

Scale.  Scale  of  the  female  white,  flattish,  with  the  exuviae  subcen- 
tral.  Ventral  scale  quite  thick.  Scale  of  the  male  white,  slightly  elongate, 
with  the  exuvium  toward  one  end.  Both  male  and  female  scales  are 
found  in  cracks  in  the  bark. 


Fig.  24. — "Diaspis"  arisonica  Ckll. :  pygidium. 

Adult  female  with  the  anterior  portion  of  the  body  quite  heavily  chi- 
tinized, the  abdomen,  except  for  the  pygidium,  membranous.  Pygidium 
heavily  chitinized,  its  surface  presenting  a  wrinkled  appearance.  There 
are  no  plates.  Three  pairs  of  lobes  present,  these  scarcely  distinguish- 


50 


A    CONTRIBUTION    TO   THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 


able  because  of  the  crenulation  of  the  margin  of  the  pygidium,  but  their 
position  marked  by  the  spines  arising  from  their  bases.  Anal  opening 
somewhat  nearer  the  anterior  margin  than  the  posterior.  Tubular  ducts 
abundant,  short  and  quite  slender,  their  orifices  arranged  in  no  definite 
manner.  On  the  ventral  side  the  wrinkling  of  the  surface  is  confined  to 
an  area  near  the  margin,  this  area  bearing  many  tubular  ducts.  No  cir- 
cumgenital  pores.  Vaginal  opening  quite  small,  close  to  the  anterior 
margin  of  the  pygidium.  Spines  arising  from  the  bases  of  the  lobes 
quite  long  and  slender. 

Notes :  Cockerell  has  described  this  species  as  a  Diaspis  but  it  certainly  does 
not  belong  to  this  genus.  In  fact,  it  does  not  belong  in  the  group  of  genera  of 
which  Diaspis  is  typical,  being  rather  a  member  of  the  Aspidiotus  group,  the  ducts 
being  entirely  of  the  latter  type.  However,  I  can  not  assign  it  to  any  named  genus 
and  I  leave  it  in  Diaspis  for  the  present. 

Diaspis  montana  (Ckll.). 
Fig.  25. 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  Quercus  wrightii,  Pinos  Altos,  N. 
Mex.  According  to  the  most  recent  authorities  this  is  a  synonym  of  Q. 
pungens. 

Specimens  examined.  From  Quercus  emoryi,  between  Benson  and 
Dragoon,  Ariz. 

Scale.     Of  the  type  common  to  the  genus. 


Fig.  25. — Diaspis  montana  Ckll.:    pygidium. 


THE    COCCIDAE   OF   SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES 


51 


Adult  female.  Derm  membranous  throughout  except  for  the  pygid- 
ium.  Abdominal  segments  projecting  somewhat  at  the  margins  and 
bearing  numerous  marginal  gland  spines  and  short  tubular  ducts.  Dor- 
sum  of  the  abdomen  destitute  of  submedian  groups  of  ducts.  Median 
lobes  small,  wide  apart,  rounded,  projecting  but  little.  Second  pair  of 
lobes  very  small,  divided  into  two  lobules,  of  which  the  inner  is  the  larger. 
Third  pair  of  lobes  nearly  or  quite  obsolete.  Between  the  first  and  sec- 
ond lobes  is  a  low  gland  prominence ;  between  the  second  and  third  pair 
a  gland  spine  followed  by  two  low  gland  prominences ;  beyond  the  posi- 
tion of  the  third  pair,  a  gland  spine,  a  gland  prominence  and  a  series  of 
six  or  more  single  gland  spines.  The  marginal  tubular  ducts  are  consider- 
ably larger  than  those  of  the  dorsum  and  their  pores  are  surrounded  by 
chitinous  rims.  Dorsal  ducts  few;  their  arrangement  may  best  be  gath- 
ered from  the  figure. 

Notes :  I  would  call  attention  to  the  close  resemblance  of  this  species  in  all 
essential  characters  to  Epidiaspis  pyricola  (Del  G.).  I  shall  discuss  the  validity 
of  the  genus  Epidiaspis  in  another  paper. 

Diaspis  tourney i  Ckll. 
Fig.  26. 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  Holacantha  emoryi,  near  Maricopa, 
Ariz. 


Fig.  26. — Diaspis  toumeyi  Ckll. :    pygidium  of  specimen  from  Holacantha. 


52  A    CONTRIBUTION    TO   THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 

Material  examined.  From  Holacantha  emoryi,  near  the  Hassayampa 
River,  west  of  Phoenix,  and  from  Koeberlinia  spinosa,  between  Bowie 
and  San  Simon,  Ariz. 

Scale.     Of  the  type  common  to  the  genus. 

Female.  Derm  membranous  throughout  except  for  the  pygidium. 
Abdominal  segments  projecting  but  little  at  the  margins  and  without 
marginal  gland  spines  but  with  many  small  tubular  ducts.  Each  abdom- 
inal segment  dorsally  with  a  submedian  group  of  ducts  on  each  side. 
Median  lobes  large,  their  mesal  margins  diverging  rapidly,  their  tips 
rounded,  sometimes  slightly  crenulate.  Second  and  third  pairs  of  lobes 
extremely  small.  Between  the  first  and  second  pair  is  a  single  low  gland 
prominence ;  between  the  second  and  third  another.  Beyond  the  third 
pair  are  many  small  gland  spines  arranged  in  clusters  of  three  to  five 
spines.  Marginal  ducts  somewhat  larger  than  those  of  the  dorsum,  their 
pores  surrounded  by  a  narrow  chitinous  rim.  Dorsal  ducts  extremely 
numerous.  Their  arrangement  may  best  be  gathered  from  the  figure. 
Five  groups  of  circumgenital  pores  present,  each  group  with  many  pores. 

Notes:  In  the  specimens  from  Koeberlinia  the  second  and  third  pairs  of 
lobes  are  noticeably  larger  than  in  those  from  Holacantha,  but  there  appear  to  be 
no  other  differences. 

Genus  PSEUDODIASPIS  Ckll. 

This  genus  appears  never  to  have  been  definitely  described,  its  author 
having  merely  stated  that :  "Pseudodiaspis  will,  however,  no  doubt  event- 
ually be  regarded  as  a  distinct  genus,  on  account  of  the  mytiliform  male 
scale  and  other  characters." 

Through  the  kindness  of  Professor  Cockerell  I  have  been  enabled 
to  see  a  slide  of  P.  larreae  Ckll.,  the  type  of  the  genus.  Unfortunately 
this  slide  is  not  in  such  condition  as  to  permit  the  redescription  of  the 
species  or  even  any  very  definite  conclusions  as  to  its  character.  The 
species  does  appear,  however,  to  be  of  the  Diaspis  type  rather  than  of  the 
Aspidiotus  type,  the  tubular  ducts  at  the  margin  being  of  the  character 
found  in  the  former  genus. 

I  am  here  utilizing  this  generic  name  to  designate  a  group  of  species 
belonging  to  the  Diaspis  series,  but  agreeing  in  the  absence  of  circum- 
genital pores  and  in  having  the  scale  of  the  male  somewhat  elongate,  in 
texture  resembling  that  of  the  female,  with  the  exuviae  near  one  end. 
That  these  species  are  congeneric  with  P.  larreae  or  even  with  each  other 
is  perhaps  questionable,  but  this  seems  to  be  the  only  genus  available  for 
them  at  present.  One  of  them  has  been  referred  to  Targionia,  a  genus 
that,  if  I  may  judge  from  the  species  available  to  me  for  study  and  from 
the  literature,  is  purely  artificial  and  of  a  most  heterogeneous  character, 


THE   COCCIDAE   OF   SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES 


53 


but  the  type  of  which  is  supposed  to  be  related  to  Aspidiotus.  The  type, 
however,  needs  to  be  much  more  thoroughly  elucidated  before  the  validity 
of  the  genus  is  at  all  established. 

Pseudodiaspis  atriplicis  n.  sp. 

Fig.  27. 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  Atriplex  sp.,  along  the  river  at  the 
foot  of  the  butte  at  Tempe,  Ariz.  Also  from  Atriplex  sp.,  near  Barstow 
and  near  Lone  Pine,  Cal.  , 

Scale.  Scale  of  the  female  circular,  quite  convex,  white,  with  the 
exuviae  central.  First  exuvium  naked,  silvery  in  color;  second  exu- 
vium  covered  by  secretion.  Ventral  scale  very  thin.  Scale  of  the  male 
resembling  the  female  in  texture  but  more  elongate  and  with  the  exuvium 
at  one  end;  exuvium  naked,  silvery  in  color  as  in  the  female. 


Fig.  27. — Pseudodiaspis  atriplicis  n.   sp. :    pygidium. 

Female.  Length  (flattened  on  slide)  .8  mm.  General  form  broadly 
oval,  with  the  posterior  end  slightly  pointed.  Cephalothorax  somewhat 
chitinized.  Pygidium  with  the  median  lobes  alone  present,  these  quite 
large,  prominent,  their  mesal  margins  close  together  and  parallel,  their 
lateral  margins  deeply  once-notched.  At  the  mesal,  basal  angle  of  each 
lobe  there  is  a  stout  spine.  A  similar  spine  marks  the  position  of  the 
obsolete  second  and  third  lobes  and  there  is  another  spine  farther  out 
along  the  margin.  All  of  these  spines,  except  that  at  the  base  of  the 
median  lobes,  have  their  sockets  surrounded  by  a  rather  large,  chitinized 


54  A    CONTRIBUTION    TO   THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 

thickening.  Between  the  median  lobes  and  the  position  of  the  second 
pair  is  a  single  gland  spine  or  prominence  and  just  beyond  the  second 
lobe  is  another  such  prominence.  Dorsal  tubular  ducts  of  practically  the 
same  size  as  those  at  the  margin,  few.  The  distribution  of  the  ducts 
may  best  be  determined  from  the  figure.  Anal  opening  very  small,  close 
to  the  posterior  margin.  On  the  ventral  side  the  spines  are  all  extremely 
small.  Vaginal  orifice  situated  in  a  depression  as  indicated  by  the  figure. 

Notes:  I  am  inclined  to  regard  this  species  as  most  closely  related  to  the 
species  which  has  stood  as  Targionia  parkinsoniae  (Ckll.)  and  which  I  am  rede- 
scribing  below. 

Pseudddiaspis  condaliae  n.  sp. 

Figs.  28,  29. 

Type  host  and  locality.     From  Condalia  spathulata,  Tucson,  Ariz. 

Scale.  Scale  of  female  circular,  rather  high  convex,  with  the  exu- 
viae central  or  sub-central ;  first  exuvium  naked,  second  covered  by  secre- 
tion; ventral  scale  extremely  thick  at  the  margins,  thinner  in  the  center. 
Color  of  the  scale  light  brown.  Scale  of  male  resembling  that  of  female 
in  color  and  texture,  oblong,  with  the  sides  more  or  less  parallel;  with 
the  exuvium  near  one  end. 


Fig.  28. — Pseudodiaspis  condaliae  n.  sp. :  outline  of  body,  right  half  dorsal,  left 

half  ventral. 


THE   COCCIDAE   OF   SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES  55 

Female.  Length  .8  mm.  Cephalothorax  (Fig.  28)  heavily  chitin- 
ized  dorsally.  Semicircular  in  form,  much  exceeding  the  abdomen  in 
width.  Abdomen  membranous  or  but  slightly  chitinized ;  dorsum  of  each 
segment  with  a  submedian  group  of  small,  tubular  ducts,  last  two  or  three 
segments  anterior  to  the  pygidium  with  a  few  ducts  near  the  lateral  mar- 
gin. On  the  ventral  side  the  last  three  segments  anterior  to  the  pygidium 
bear  many  small  ducts  near  the  margins. 


Fig.  29. — Pseudodiaspis  condaliae  n.  sp. :  pygidium. 

Pygidium  (Fig.  29)  with  the  median  lobes  alone  well  developed, 
these  broad  and  low,  with  the  tips  rounded,  notched  laterally.  At  each 
basal  angle  is  a  very  small  spine.  A  much  larger  spine  marks  the  posi- 
tion of  the  obsolete  second  and  third  lobes.  Between  the  first  lobe  and 
the  position  of  the  second  is  a  single  low  gland  prominence  and  just 
beyond  the  second  lobe  is  a  gland  spine  or  plate.  Anal  opening  small, 
quite  near  the  posterior  margin.  Dorsal  and  marginal  ducts  of  practi- 
cally the  same  size,  arranged  as  indicated  in  the  figure.  On  the  ventral 
side  the  spines  are  all  quite  small  and  there  are  four  small,  heavily  chi- 
tinized areas  extending  in  from  the  margin  and  bearing  several  small, 
tubular  ducts.  Vaginal  orifice  set  in  a  depressed  area. 

Notes :  The  peculiar  form  of  the  female  is  alone  sufficient  to  separate  this 
species  from  the  others  here  referred  to  this  genus. 


56 


1900. 
1903. 


A    CONTRIBUTION    TO   THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 

Pseudodiaspis  parkinsoniae  (Ckll.). 
Fig.  30. 

Xerophilaspis  parkinsoniae  Ckll.,  Ariz.  Exper.  Station,  Bull.,  32 :282. 
Xerophilaspis  parkinsoniae  Ckll.;  Ckll.,  Can.  Ent.,  32:131. 
Targionia  parkinsoniae  (Ckll.)  ;  Fernald,  Catalogue  Coccidae,  p.  298. 


Type  host  and  locality.  From  Cercidium  (=  Parkinsonia)  torrey- 
ana,  Phoenix,  Ariz. 

Material  examined.  Specimens  from  the  type  material  and  from 
the  type  host  at  Tempe,  Ariz.;  from  Acacia  paucispina  near  Tucson, 
Ariz. ;  from  a  narrow-leaved  Yucca  near  Vail,  Ariz. 


Fig.  30. — Pseudodiaspis  parkinsoniae   (Ckll.)  :    pygidium. 


Scale.  Scale  of  the  female  circular,  rather  flat,  with  the  exuviae  sub- 
central.  Color  white.  First  exuvium  naked,  second  exuvium  covered 
with  secretion.  Ventral  scale  very  thin.  In  specimens  from  Cercidium 
the  second  exuvium  is  deep  black  and  heavily  chitinized,  in  those  from 
the  other  hosts  it  is  of  a  lighter  color.  Scale  of  the  male  resembling  that 
of  the  female  in  texture,  oval,  slightly  elongate,  with  the  exuvium  near 
one  end. 


THE   COCCIDAE   OF   SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES  57 

Female.  Adult  female  oval  in  form,  the  anterior  end  rounded,  the 
pygidium  slightly  pointed;  cephalothorax  more  or  less  heavily  chitinized, 
not  wider  than  the  abdomen  at  its  base.  Pygidium  with  the  median 
lobes  well  developed,  rather  square,  with  a  notch  on  the  lateral  margin. 
Second  pair  of  lobes  present  but  very  small,  bilobed.  Third  pair  of 
lobes  obsolete.  Between  the  first  and  second  lobes  is  a  low  gland  promi- 
nence and  between  the  second  and  the  position  of  the  third  a  prominent 
plate  or  gland  spine.  A  small  spine  is  situated  at  the  inner  basal  angle 
of  each  median  lobe.  A  rather  large  spine  marks  the  position  of  both 
the  second  and  third  lobes,  the  thickenings  about  the  sockets  of  these 
spines  being  quite  conspicuous.  Dorsal  tubular  ducts  few,  slightly 
smaller  than  the  marginal  ducts ;  their  arrangement  is  indicated  in  the 
figure.  Anal  opening  at  some  distance  from  the  margin.  On  the  ventral 
side  the  spines  are  extremely  small.  Vaginal  orifice  small,  set  in  a  de- 
pressed area. 

Notes :  The  specimens  from  Yucca  differ  from  the  others  in  having  the 
second  exuvium  brown  instead  of  black  and  in  a  tendency  toward  a  much  lighter 
chitinization  of  the  cephalothorax  of  the  adult  female.  Otherwise  they  are  in  all 
respects  like  the  typical  form. 

Genus  XEROPHILASPIS  Ckll. 

As  far  as  I  am  able  to  determine  this  genus  has  never  actually  been 
defined.  I  present  the  following  characterization  of  it : 

Diaspine  Coccidae  in  which  the  adult  female  is  entirely  enclosed  by 
the  exuvium  of  the  second  stage;  adult  female  without  circumgenital 
pores,  without  plates  and  with  the  lobes  reduced  to  slight  prominences : 
immature  female  with  three  pairs  of  well  defined  lobes  and  with  large 
tubular  ducts  of  the  type  found  in  Diaspis  and  related  genera. 

Type  of  the  genus  X.  prosopidis  Ckll. 

Notes:  As  the  genus  Aonidia  is  at  present  understood  X.  prosopidis  might 
well  be  considered  as  belonging  to  that  genus.  However,  there  can  be  but  little 
question  that  the  genus  Aonidia  in  reality  includes  forms  of  very  diverse  phylogeny 
and  that  the  retention  of  the  adult  female  within  the  derm  of  the  preceding  stage 
is  a  character  that  has  developed  independently  in  totally  unrelated  groups.  In 
fact  a  classification  based  upon  the  second  stage  would  in  all  probability  come 
much  closer  to  expressing  the  real  relationships  of  these  curious  forms  than  does 
that  now  in  use.  I  therefore  retain  the  genus  Xerophilaspis  rather  than  add  one 
more  to  an  already  heterogeneous  assemblage. 

The  real  nature  of  X.  prosopidis  appears  not  to  have  been  understood,  for 
the  exuvium  of  the  second  stage  seems  to  have  been  confused  with  the  secretionary 
scale  and  the  differences  between  this  stage  and  the  adult  have  not  been  noticed. 


58  A    CONTRIBUTION    TO   THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 

Xerophilaspis  prosopidis  Ckll. 
Fig.  31. 

Type  host  and  locality.    From  Prosopis,  near  Phoenix,  Ariz. 

Material  examined.  From  Prosopis  velutina,  near  Tucson,  Ariz., 
and  from  undetermined  host  (probably  Prosopis  sp.),  San  Diego,  Cal. 

Scale.  Scale  of  the  female  circular,  composed  almost  entirely  of 
the  hardened,  jet-black  second  exuvium.  Covering  this  exuvium  is  a  very 
thin,  white  secretionary  scale  which  is  so  transparent  that  it  is  frequently 
practically  invisible.  First  exuvium  naked.  Before  the  hardening  of 
the  second  exuvium  the  white  secretionary  scale  is  plainly  visible.  It  is 
perhaps  this  stage  which  Cockerell  has  described  as  the  scale  of  the  male, 
although  he  has  himself  stated  that  he  had  described  the  male  of  Aspid- 
iotus  candidulus  as  the  male  of  X.  prosopidis.  I  have  not  myself  seen  the 
male. 


Fig.  31. — Xerophilaspis  prosopodis  Ckll.:  A,  adult  female;  B,  pygidium  of  adult 
female;  C,  margin  of  pygidium  of  early  second  stage;  D,  antenna  of  first 
stage. 

Female.  Adult  female  (Fig.  31  A)  more  or  less  circular  in  form, 
with  the  anterior  end  produced  into  a  rounded  projection;  derm  of  the 
cephalothorax  (which  comprises  far  more  than  half  of  the  body)  heavily 
chitinized,  especially  in  the  anterior  part.  Pygidium  (Fig.  31B)  with 
two  pairs  of  small  lobes  and  with  several  submarginal  spines,  entirely 
without  plates.  Tubular  ducts  extremely  small,  arranged  in  a  narrow, 
transverse  belt  at  some  distance  from  the  margin  and  on  a  line  passing 


THE   COCCIDAE   OF   SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES 


59 


through  the  anal  opening.  Circumgenital  pores  entirely  lacking.  In  the 
early  second  stage  female  the  derm  is  membranous,  except  for  the  pygid- 
ium.  Pygidium  (Fig.  31C)  with  two  pairs  of  prominent,  spatulate  lobes 
and  outside  of  these  a  third  pair  of  lobe-like  projections  with  the  mesal 
margin  perpendicular  and  the  lateral  margin  sloping  and  slightly  crenu- 
late.  Between  the  first  and  second,  and  second  and  third  pairs  is  a  small 
gland  prominence  at  the  base  of  which  a  large,  tubular  duct  opens.  In 
the  late  second  stage  the  derm  of  the  dorsum  becomes  very  heavily  chi- 
tinized  and  deeply  pigtnented  (that  of  the  venter  remaining  thin)  and  the 
characters  of  the  pygidium  are  entirely  obscured. 

The  first  stage  larva  is  of  the  ordinary  Diaspine  type ;  with  one  pair 
of  small  lobes;  with  the  antennae  (Fig.  3 ID)  five-segmented,  the  last 
segment  somewhat  elongated  but  not  annulate. 


Genus  LEUCASPIS  Targ. 

"Leucaspis"  cupressi  Coleman. 

Fig.  32. 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  Cupressus  goveniana,  Lake  County, 
Cal. 

Material  examined.  The  type  slides  and  specimens  from  Juniperus 
pachyphloea,  near  Datil,  N.  Mex.,  and  Libocedrus  decurrens,  near  Yo- 
semite  National  Park,  Cal. 


Fig.  32. — "Leucaspis"  cupressi  Coleman:    pygidium. 


60  A    CONTRIBUTION    TO   THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 

Scale.  Scale  of  the  female  white,  elongate,  with  the  exuviae  at  one 
end,  the  first  exuvium  bare,  the  second  covered  with  secretion.  The  sec- 
ond exuvium  does  not  to  the  slightest  extent  enclose  the  adult  female. 

Female.  Length  .8  mm.,  broadly  oval,  the  posterior  end  widest. 
Derm  membranous  throughout.  Pygidium  with  the  first  pair  of  lobes 
extremely  small,  consisting  of  mere  prominences ;  second  pair  much 
larger,  projecting  but  little  from  the  margin  but  with  their  chitinized 
bases  prolonged  somewhat  into  the  pygidium.  No  plates,  but  the  margin 
with  a  few  small  prominences.  Ducts  short  and  broad,  arranged  as  indi- 
cated in  the  figure.  Anal  opening  near  the  anterior  end  of  the  pygidium. 
Circumgenital  pores  lacking.  The  second  stage  resembles  the  adult  in  all 
respects. 

Notes :  This  species  is  certainly  not  a  Leucaspis,  but  as  its  generic  position 
is  quite  uncertain  I  leave  it  for  the  present  in  that  genus.  The  figure  of  the 
pygidium  given  by  Coleman  is  quite  erroneous  in  indicating  the  presence  of  large 
groups  of  pores  on  the  dorsum. 

Genus  LEPIDOSAPHES  Shimer. 

Lepidosaphes  concolor  (Ckll.). 

Fig.  33. 

1893.    Mytilaspis  albus  var.  concolor  Ckll.,  Psyche,  6:572. 

1903.    Lepidosaphes  concolor  (Ckll.),  Fernald,  Catalogue  Coccidae,  p.  307. 

1903.    Anoidomytilus  concolor  (Ckll.);  Leonardi,  Annali  di  Agr.,  5:120. 

Type  host  and  locality.     From  Atriplex  sp.,  Las  Cruces,  N.  Mex. 

Material  examined.  From  Atriplex  canescens,  near  Las  Cruces,  N. 
Mex.,  and  Fort  Stockton,  Texas;  from  Atriplex  sp.,  near  Lone  Pine, 
Inyo  County,  Cal. 

Scale.  Scale  of  the  female  of  the  form  typical  of  this  genus,  but 
white  or  slightly  greenish,'  first  exuvium  naked,  second  exuvium  covered 
by  secretion.  I  have  not  myself  seen  the  male,  but  according  to  Cockerell 
it  is  of  the  type  common  to  the  genus. 

Female.  Length  1.2  mm.  Derm  membranous  throughout,  except 
for  the  pygidium ;  thorax  not  separated  from  the  abdomen  by  a  constric- 
tion. Abdominal  segments  projecting  but  little  or  not  at  all  at  the  mar- 
gins; all  the  abdominal  segments  with  a  few  small  tubular  ducts  at  the 
margins  but  without  gland  spines.  Dorsum  of  the  abdomen  without 
ducts  anterior  to  the  pygidium. 

Pygidium  with  two  pairs  of  well  developed  lobes.  Median  pair 
quite  close  together,  straight,  their  mesal  margins  parallel;  with  a 
notch  on  both  mesal  and  lateral  margin  at  the  tip.  Second  pair 


THE   COCCIDAE   OF   SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES 


61 


much  less  prominent  than  the  first,  bilobed  and  with  the  inner  lobule 
notched  at  the  tip.  Mesal  pair  with  a  spine  near  the  inner  basal 
angle;  second  pair  with  a  spine  at  the  base  of  the  inner  lobule.  Margin 
of  the  pygidium  more  or  less  heavily  chitinized  between  the  two  pairs  of 
lobes.  Between  the  first  and  second  pairs  is  a  single  large  plate  or  gland 
spine ;  'between  the  second  and  the  position  of  the  third  is  another  such 
plate  and  beyond  the  position  of  the  third  pair  of  lobes  are  two  more,  wide 
apart.  Marginal  tubular  ducts  much  larger  than  those  of  the  dorsum 


Fig.  33. — Lepidosaphes  concolor  Ckll. :  pygidium  of  topotype  specimen. 


and  with  their  pores  surrounded  by  conspicuous,  chitinized  rims.  The 
arrangement  of  these  ducts  may  best  be  shown  by  the  figure.  On  the 
ventral  side  the  spines  are  very  small.  Circumgenital  pores  in  five 
groups,  the  number  of  pores  in  each  group  small,  four  to  eight. 

Notes:  The  description  of  the  genus  Aonidomytilus,  of  which  this  species 
is  the  type,  is  not  available  and  I  do  not  know  by  what  the  genus  is  supposed  to 
be  distinguished.  Aside  from  the  color  of  the  scale  I  see  no  character  which  may 
separate  this  species  generically  from  L.  ulmi.  In  fact,  a  direct  comparison  of 
the  two  species  shows  that  they  are  morphologically  very  similar.  In  my  opinion 
the  genus  Aonidomytilus  can  not  be  maintained. 


62 


A    CONTRIBUTION    TO   THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 


Lepidosaphes  ceanothi  n.  sp. 
Fig.  34. 

1909.    Mytilaspis  concolor  Ckll.;  Essig,  Pomona  Col  Jn.  Ent.,  1:57.     (Misidenti- 
fication.) 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  Ceanothus  jepsoni,  Mount  Tamal- 
pais,  Marin  County,  Cal.  Also  from  Ceanothus  integerrimus,  Lake 
County,  and  Ceanothus  sp.,  Redding,  Cal. 


Fig.  34. — Lepidosaphes  ceanothi  n.  sp. :    pygidium. 

Scale.  Scale  of  the  female  white,  similar  to  that  of  L.  concolor. 
Scale  of  the  male  of  the  type  common  to  the  genus,  but  white. 

Female.  Length  1.3  mm.  Derm  membranous  throughout,  except 
for  the  pygidium ;  thorax  not  separated  from  the  abdomen  by  a  constric- 
tion. Margins  of  the  abdominal  segments  projecting  little  or  not  at  all, 
with  no  gland  spines  but  with  numerous  small  ducts. 

Pygidium  with  the  median  lobes  alone  well  developed  and  with  these 
sometimes  very  low  and  inconspicuous.  Second  pair  of  lobes  present, 
but  extremely  low  and  sometimes  apparently  almost  obsolete.  A  very 
small  plate  or  gland  spine  between  the  first  and  second  lobes,  and  occa- 
sionally one  or  two  beyond  the  second  lobes,  but  these  always  very 
small  'and  usually  lacking.  Marginal  tubular  ducts  considerably  larger 
than  those  of  the  dorsum,  their  pores  with  a  chitinized  rim  about 


THE    COCCIDAE   OF   SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES 


63 


the  mouth.  The  arrangement  of  these  ducts  may  best  be  gathered 
from  the  figure.  Anal  opening  slightly  nearer  the  anterior  margin  than 
the  posterior.  Circumgenital  pores  in  five  groups,  the  number  of  pores 
in  each  group  very  small  (two  to  eight). 

Notes:  I  am  informed  by  Mr.  Sasscer  that  this  species  stands  in  the  Na- 
tional Collection  as  L.  concolor  Ckll.,  and  it  is  apparently  upon  this  determination 
that  Essig's  record  of  the  occurrence  of  concolor  on  Ceanothus  is  based.  Although 
the  two  species  are  certainly  closely  related  they  are  obviously  distinct,  as  a  ref- 
erence to  the  figures  will  at  once  show. 

Genus  ASPIDIOTUS  Bouche. 

Aspidiotus  candidulus  Ckll. 

Fig.  35. 

Type  host  and  locality.     From  Prosopis  velutina,  Tucson,  Ariz. 

Material  examined.     From  type  host  and  locality. 

Scale.  Scale  of  the  female  flat,  circular,  rather  thin,  slightly  yellow- 
ish; exuviae  subcentral.  Scale  of  the  male  somewhat  oval,  with  the  exu- 
vium  near  one  end. 


Fig.  35. — Aspidiotus  candidulus  Ckll. :    pygidium. 


64 


A    CONTRIBUTION    TO   THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 


Female.  Of  the  ordinary  form;  derm  of  cephalothorax  but  little 
chitinized.  Pygidium  with  the  median  lobes  alone  well  developed,  the 
second  and  third  pairs  obsolete,  their  position  indicated  merely  by  the 
spines  at  their  bases.  Median  lobes  rather  large,  straight,  parallel,  with 
their  outer  margins  notched  near  the  tip.  Between  the  median  lobes  is 
a  pair  of  small  plates  and  beyond  the  lobes  is  a  continuous  series  of  slen- 
der, toothed  or  slightly  branched  plates,  ten  or  more  in  number.  Spines 
rather  long.  First  poriferous  furrow  (incision)  with  but  four  to  five 
pores,  second  with  but  two  to  three;  dorsal  pores  few;  ducts  communi- 
cating with  the  pores  moderately  long  and  slender.  The  arrangement  of 
the  pores  can  best  be  described  by  the  figure.  Thickenings  at  the  mar- 
gins of  the  first  poriferous  furrow  rather  large,  that  of  the  mesal  margin 
longest;  thickenings  of  the  second  furrow  inconspicuous.  Anal  opening 
only  a  short  distance  from  the  margin.  Circumgenital  pores  in  four 
groups,  these  more  or  less  confluent  and  with  but  few  pores,  which  are 
disposed  along  a  thickening. 

Notes:  As  Cockerell  has  indicated,  this  species  is  quite  similar  to  A.  lataniae, 
but  the  larger  number  of  plates  alone  is  sufficient  to  distinguish  it. 

Aspidiotus  covilleae  n.  sp. 
Fig.  36. 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  Covillea  glutinosa,  Mormon  Flat, 
east  of  Phoenix,  Ariz.  Occurring  beneath  the  loose  bark  on  exposed 
roots  in  company  with  Chrysotnphalus  covilleae  n.  sp. 


Fig.  36. — Aspidiotus  covilleae  n.  sp. :    pygidium. 


THE    COCCIDAE   OF    SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES  65 

Scale.  Scale  of  the  female  flat,  circular,  whitish,  with  the  exuviae 
subcentral.  Scale  of  the  male  not  observed. 

Female.  Length  1  mm.  Of  normal  form;  derm  of  cephalothorax 
but  little  chitinized. 

Pygidium  with  the  median  lobes  alone  developed,  the  others  entirely 
obsolete,  their  position  indicated  only  by  the  spines  at  their  bases  and 
the  position  of  the  poriferous  furrows  (incisions).  Median  lobes  quite 
prominent,  parallel,  with  a  notch  in  the  lateral  margin  near  the  tip.  There 
is  a  rather  long  spine  arising  from  the  outer  basal  angle  and  a  similar 
spine  marks  the  position  of  the  second  and  third  pairs  of  lobes.  Plates 
entirely  lacking.  First  poriferous  furrow  (incision)  with  but  three  to 
four  pores,  its  margins  bounded  by  rather  conspicuous  thickenings  of 
about  equal  length.  Second  incision  with  a  single  pore  and  with  smaller 
thickenings.  Dorsal  pores  rather  numerous.  Ducts  arising  from  the 
pores  moderately  long  and  slender.  The  arrangement  of  the  pores  is 
indicated  by  the  figure.  Circumgenital  pores  in  four  or  five  groups. 
Median  group,  when  present,  represented  by  but  one  or  two  pores ;  lateral 
groups  with  two  to  five  pores,  these  disposed  along  a  thickening. 

Notes:  Of  the  species  known  to  me  this  most  closely  resembles  A.  ehrhorni 
Coleman,  which  occurs  on  certain  conifers  in  California.  The  two  are  separable 
only  by  the  fact  that  in  ehrhorni  small  plates  are  present  in  the  inter-lobular  spaces 
and  there  are  tubular  ducts  in  the  extreme  lateral  angles  of  the  pygidium. 

Aspidiotus  graminellus  Ckll.  ? 
Fig.  37. 

1901.    Aspidiotus  graminelius  Ckll.,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (7),  7:333. 
1903.     Targionia  graminella  (Ckll.)  ;  Fernald,  Catalogue  Coccidae,  p.  297. 

Type  host  and  locality.     From  grass,  Las  Vegas,  N.  Mex. 

Material  examined.  From  a  perennial  grass,  probably  Hilaria  cen- 
chroides,  on  the  Jornada  del  Muerto,  fifty-one  miles  north  of  Las  Cruces, 
N.  Mex. 

Scale.  Scale  of  the  female  white,  circular,  quite  convex,  with  a 
rather  thick  ventral  scale;  exuviae  covered  with  secretion,  yellow  when 
rubbed.  Scale  of  the  male  resembling  that  of  the  female  in  color  and 
texture,  but  elongate  and  with  the  exuvium  at  one  end. 

Female.  Body  of  ordinary  appearance,  the  cephalothorax  more  or 
less  chitinized.  Pygidium  with  two  pairs  of  lobes.  Median  pair  quite 
large  and  prominent,  straight,  their  margins  nearly  parallel,  their  tips 
with  several  small  teeth.  Second  pair  very  small  and  projecting  but  little 
from  the  margin,  but  nearly  as  broad  as  the  first  pair ;  inner  margin 
straight,  outer  margin  sloping,  crenulate.  Between  the  first  and  second 


66 


A    CONTRIBUTION    TO   THE    KNOWLEDGE   OF 


lobes  are  two  very  small  plates  and  just  beyond  the  second  lobe  are  two 
more,  these  slightly  branched.  Dorsal  pores  for  the  most  part  arranged 
in  four  rows  which  are  set  in  more  or  less  definite  furrows  as  indicated 


Fig.  37. — Aspidiotus  graminellus  Ckll.  (?)  :    pygidium. 


in  the  figure.  Ducts  slender,  moderately  long.  Ventral  side  with  a  few 
pores  which  possibly  are  the  orifices  of  tubular  ducts.  Circumgenital 
pores  lacking. 

Notes :  This  is  possibly  not  A.  graminellus,  as  Cockerell  speaks  of  three 
pairs  of  lobes  and  of  thickenings  at  the  bases  of  the  lobes,  but  it  is  certainly  rather 
close  to  that  species,  at  least.  It  is  not  Targionia  marlatti  (Par.),  a  slide  of  which 
I  have  seen  through  the  kindness  of  Professor  G.  A.  Dean  of  the  Kansas  State 
Agricultural  College. 

As  is  the  case  with  other  species  now  referred  to  the  genus  Targionia  it  is 
questionable  that  this  belongs  to  that  genus  and  I  am  for  the  present  leaving  it  in 
Aspidiotus. 

Genus  CHRYSOMPHALUS  Ashmead. 

Chrysomphalus  covilleae  n.  sp. 

Fig.  38. 

Type  host  and  locality.  From  Covillea  glutinosa,  Mormon  Flat, 
east  of  Phoenix,  Ariz.  Found  on  the  bark  and  in  cracks  on  exposed 
roots. 


THE    COCCIDAE   OF   SOUTHWESTERN    UNITED   STATES 


67 


Scale.  Scale  of  the  female  high  convex,  circular,  with  the  exuviae 
subcentral  and  covered  with  secretion.  The  secretion  covering  the  exu- 
viae is  white,  that  of  the  remainder  of  the  scale  brown.  Ventral  scale 
quite  thick.  Scale  of  the  male  resembling  that  of  the  female  in  color  and 
texture,  but  oval  in  form  and  with  the  exuvium  near  one  end. 


Fig.  38. — Chrysomphalus  covilleae  n.  sp. :    pygidium. 

Female.  Length  1  mm.;  of  ordinary  form;  derm  membranous 
throughout,  except  for  the  pygidium,  which  is  heavily  chitinized.  Mar- 
gin of  the  pygidium  with  four  pairs  of  lobes  or  lobe-like  projections, 
these  all  more  or  less  irregular  in  form  and  appearing  somewhat  like 
teeth.  Each  lobe  with  a  small  spine  at  its  outer  basal  angle.  Plates 
lacking.  A  short  thickening  extends  into  the  pygidium  from  the  inner 
basal  angle  of  each  median  lobe  and  the  margins  of  the  first  and  second 
poriferous  furrows  show  similar,  but  longer  thickenings.  Dorsal  pores 
very  abundant,  their  ducts  long  and  filiform,  arranged  for  the  most  part 
in  three  furrows  as  indicated  by  the  figure.  Ventral  side  of  the  pygidium 
with  three  rows  of  small  pores  which  perhaps  communicate  with  ducts. 
Circumgenital  pores  lacking. 

Notes :  A  considerable  number  of  species  of  this  type  have  been  described 
from  Mexico  and  this  may  perhaps  be  one  of  them.  However,  few  of  these  spe- 
cies have  been  figured  and  from  the  descriptions  alone  I  cannot  connect  this  with 
any  of  them.  The  bicolored  scale  of  both  male  and  female  is  quite  striking. 


SUPPLEMENT 

Since  the  preceding  pages  were  sent  to  press  a  certain  amount  of 
information  has  come  to  hand,  which  it  seems  well  should  be  included. 

Phenacoccus  betheli  Ckll. 

Through  the  kindness  of  Miss  Eugenia  McDaniel,  of  the  Michigan 
Agricultural  College,  I  have  received  some  specimens  of  what  is  in  all 
probability  Phenacoccus  dearnessi  King.  These  specimens  are  from 
Crataegus  sp.,  near  Lansing,  Mich.  They  agree  in  all  respects  with  the 
description  of  P.  dearnessi  (which  was  taken  from  Crataegus  in  Canada) 
as  far  as  the  description  goes.  If  this  determination  be  correct,  P.  betheli 
Ckll.  must  fall  as  a  synonym  of  P.  dearnessi  King,  for  the  specimens  from 
Michigan  agree  in  all  respects  with  the  specimens  from  the  type  material 
of  P.  betheli  which  are  recorded  on  a  preceding  page. 

Trionymus  grindeliae  Ferris. 

1918.     Trionymus  grindeliae  Ferris,  Cal.  Species  Mealy  Bugs,  p.  71,  pi.  3,  fig.  26. 

From  Professor  Cockerell  I  have  some  specimens  labeled  "Ripersia 
confusella  var.  (light  yellow),  old  mill,  Las  Vegas,  N.  Mex.,  Apr.  1902, 
W.  P.  C.,"  which  are  unmistakably  Trionymus  grindeliae  Ferris,  a  species 
that  has  previously  been  recorded  only  from  Pacific  Grove,  Cal.  Whether 
T.  grindeliae  is  the  same  as  R.  confusella  remains  to  be  seen. 

Aspidiotus  graminellus  Ckll. 

From  Professor  Cockerell  I  have  also  some  specimens  of  what  is 
beyond  doubt  A.  graminellus,  from  Bouteloua  sp.  at  Denver,  Colo.  (E. 
Bethel  coll.).  The  specimens  from  New  Mexico,  which  I  have  previously 
referred  provisionally  to  this  species,  agree  in  all  respects  except  for  the 
absence  of  all  trace  of  the  third  pair  of  lobes.  This  difference,  however, 
is  extremely  slight  and  these  specimens  may  quite  definitely  be  referred 
to  this  species. 

Targionia  covilleae  (Ferris). 

Through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  E.  E.  Green  I  have  finally  been  enabled 
to  examine  specimens  of  Targionia  nigra  (Sign.),  the  type  of  the  genus. 
With  this  the  species  described  on  a  preceding  page  as  Chrysomphalus 
covilleae  n.  sp.  appears  to  be  strictly  congeneric.  It  is,  I  believe,  the  only 
species  thus  far  described  from  North  America  that  may  correctly  be 
referred  to  this  genus. 


DATE  DUE 


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